arXiv:2501.14230cs.CVcs.CR2025-01被引 6

贪心逐像素攻击,实现高精度黑盒对抗样本生成。

GreedyPixel: Fine-Grained Black-Box Adversarial Attack Via Greedy Algorithm

  • 基于贪心算法与代理模型优先级图,逐像素优化
  • 在CIFAR-10和ImageNet上达到顶尖成功率
  • 兼具白盒精度与黑盒实用性,扰动几乎不可见

深度神经网络极易受到对抗样本攻击,即通过微小、精心设计的扰动导致误分类,因此对抗攻击成为评估鲁棒性的关键工具。现有黑盒方法通常在精度与灵活性间权衡:像素稀疏攻击(如单像素或少数像素攻击)虽具细粒度控制但适应性差,而基于块或频域的攻击虽效率高、可迁移性强,却产生较大且不精确的扰动。本文提出GreedyPixel,一种细粒度黑盒攻击方法,采用类似暴力搜索的逐像素贪心优化,由代理模型生成优先级图引导,并通过查询反馈进一步精炼。该方法无需梯度信息,直接评估每个坐标,保证损失单调下降并收敛至坐标级最优解,同时实现接近白盒的精度、像素级稀疏性与感知质量。在涵盖卷积神经网络与Transformer模型的CIFAR-10和ImageNet数据集上,GreedyPixel实现了最先进的攻击成功率,显著缩小了黑盒实用性与白盒性能之间的差距。代码已开源:https://github.com/azrealwang/greedypixel。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep neural networks are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are inputs with small, carefully crafted perturbations that cause misclassification -- making adversarial attacks a critical tool for evaluating robustness. Existing black-box methods typically entail a trade-off between precision and flexibility: pixel-sparse attacks (e.g., single- or few-pixel attacks) provide fine-grained control but lack adaptability, whereas patch- or frequency-based attacks improve efficiency or transferability, but at the cost of producing larger and less precise perturbations. We present GreedyPixel, a fine-grained black-box attack method that performs brute-force-style, per-pixel greedy optimization guided by a surrogate-derived priority map and refined by means of query feedback. It evaluates each coordinate directly without any gradient information, guaranteeing monotonic loss reduction and convergence to a coordinate-wise optimum, while also yielding near white-box-level precision and pixel-wise sparsity and perceptual quality. On the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets, spanning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformer models, GreedyPixel achieved state-of-the-art success rates with visually imperceptible perturbations, effectively bridging the gap between black-box practicality and white-box performance. The implementation is available at https://github.com/azrealwang/greedypixel.

对抗攻击黑盒攻击贪心算法

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