arXiv:2501.14404cs.CV2025-01被引 7

用神经网络连续建模气象场,提升站点预报精度。

Kolmogorov Arnold Neural Interpolator for Downscaling and Correcting Meteorological Fields from In-Situ Observations

  • 基于柯尔莫哥洛夫定理,将气象场表示为连续神经函数。
  • 温度预报准确率提升40.28%,风速提升67.41%。
  • 无需高分辨率数据监督,可零样本降尺度。

在站点位置获取精确天气预报面临挑战,源于多尺度连续大气特征与离散网格表示之间的不匹配导致的系统性偏差。以往方法主要聚焦于网格化气象数据建模,忽略了大气状态的非网格连续本质,使偏差难以解决。为此,我们提出柯尔莫哥洛夫-阿诺德神经插值器(KANI),将气象场重新定义为从离散网格导出的连续神经函数。基于柯尔莫哥洛夫-阿诺德定理,KANI捕捉大气状态的内在连续性,并利用稀疏现场观测系统性校正偏差。此外,KANI引入创新的零样本降尺度能力,仅依赖高分辨率地形纹理,无需高分辨率气象场监督。在美国大陆三个子区域的实验表明,温度预测准确率提升40.28%,风速提升67.41%,显著优于传统插值方法。该方法实现气象变量的连续神经表征,突破了传统网格表示的局限。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Obtaining accurate weather forecasts at station locations is a critical challenge due to systematic biases arising from the mismatch between multi-scale, continuous atmospheric characteristic and their discrete, gridded representations. Previous works have primarily focused on modeling gridded meteorological data, inherently neglecting the off-grid, continuous nature of atmospheric states and leaving such biases unresolved. To address this, we propose the Kolmogorov Arnold Neural Interpolator (KANI), a novel framework that redefines meteorological field representation as continuous neural functions derived from discretized grids. Grounded in the Kolmogorov Arnold theorem, KANI captures the inherent continuity of atmospheric states and leverages sparse in-situ observations to correct these biases systematically. Furthermore, KANI introduces an innovative zero-shot downscaling capability, guided by high-resolution topographic textures without requiring high-resolution meteorological fields for supervision. Experimental results across three sub-regions of the continental United States indicate that KANI achieves an accuracy improvement of 40.28% for temperature and 67.41% for wind speed, highlighting its significant improvement over traditional interpolation methods. This enables continuous neural representation of meteorological variables through neural networks, transcending the limitations of conventional grid-based representations.

气象建模神经网络降尺度插值

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