arXiv:2501.14746cs.NEcs.LG2025-01

用脉冲神经网络分析新冠刺突蛋白序列,提升分类准确率。

Neuromorphic Spiking Neural Network Based Classification of COVID-19 Spike Sequences

  • 将刺突蛋白序列转为固定长度数值表示,输入脉冲神经网络
  • 在真实数据上比现有方法准确率更高,验证了有效性
  • 适合病毒变异监测与快速分类,对流行病研究有实用价值

新冠疫情后,新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)数据量呈指数级增长,为研究其行为提供了契机。尽管已有大量研究开展,但病毒的不稳定性(如快速突变、多宿主传播)给分析系统设计带来挑战。为此,我们提出一种基于神经网络(NN)的方法,对新冠病毒数据进行高效分析——利用神经网络在训练中捕捉泛化能力的特点。不同于使用全基因组,本研究聚焦于病毒刺突区,因其是主要突变区域且负责与宿主细胞膜结合。本文构建了一个流程:首先将刺突蛋白序列转化为固定长度的数值表示,随后采用类脑脉冲神经网络(Neuromorphic Spiking Neural Network)进行分类。我们在真实世界新冠刺突序列数据上与多种基线方法对比,结果表明该方法在预测准确性方面优于近期主流方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The availability of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus data post-COVID has reached exponentially to an enormous magnitude, opening research doors to analyze its behavior. Various studies are conducted by researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the virus, like genomic surveillance, etc, so that efficient prevention mechanisms can be developed. However, the unstable nature of the virus (rapid mutations, multiple hosts, etc) creates challenges in designing analytical systems for it. Therefore, we propose a neural network-based (NN) mechanism to perform an efficient analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 data, as NN portrays generalized behavior upon training. Moreover, rather than using the full-length genome of the virus, we apply our method to its spike region, as this region is known to have predominant mutations and is used to attach to the host cell membrane. In this paper, we introduce a pipeline that first converts the spike protein sequences into a fixed-length numerical representation and then uses Neuromorphic Spiking Neural Network to classify those sequences. We compare the performance of our method with various baselines using real-world SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence data and show that our method is able to achieve higher predictive accuracy compared to the recent baselines.

类脑计算病毒分类脉冲神经网络

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