印度MOOCs发展十年演进，推动全民数字教育变革。
Perspective Chapter: MOOCs in India: Evolution, Innovation, Impact, and Roadmap
- 以国家项目为驱动，构建覆盖全学科的在线教育体系
- 已建成全球最大数字图书馆，服务超千万学习者
- 结合AI技术探索未来教育模式，适合政策与教育科技研究者
印度作为世界人口最多的国家之一，高等教育需求巨大。自1980年代起，印度开始发展开放与数字教育，2009年通过政府主导的国家电子信息技术与教育计划（NMEICT）加速推进。2014年政府与印度工商联合会（FICCI）联合研究指出，仅靠传统实体高校无法满足教育需求。因此，依托NMEICT的现有MOOC项目（如NPTEL、SWAYAM）在2017-2021及2021-2026两个阶段得到强化。目前，该体系涵盖虚拟实验室、e-Yantra、口语教程、开源软件与科学工程教育（FOSSEE）、以及全球最大的数字图书馆——国家数字图书馆（National Digital Library on India）。2020年印度推出新国家教育政策，进一步支持在线教育发展。本文深入探讨印度MOOCs的演变历程、创新实践、当前影响与未来十年路线图，提出人工智能赋能的MOOCs是印度引领全球在线教育的新机遇。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the largest population of the world and one of the highest enrolments in higher education, India needs efficient and effective means to educate its learners. India started focusing on open and digital education in 1980's and its efforts were escalated in 2009 through the NMEICT program of the Government of India. A study by the Government and FICCI in 2014 noted that India cannot meet its educational needs just by capacity building in brick and mortar institutions. It was decided that ongoing MOOCs projects under the umbrella of NMEICT will be further strengthened over its second (2017-21) and third (2021-26) phases. NMEICT now steers NPTEL or SWAYAM (India's MOOCs) and several digital learning projects including Virtual Labs, e-Yantra, Spoken Tutorial, FOSSEE, and National Digital Library on India - the largest digital education library in the world. Further, India embraced its new National Education Policy in 2020 to strongly foster online education. In this chapter, we take a deep look into the evolution of MOOCs in India, its innovations, its current status and impact, and the roadmap for the next decade to address its challenges and grow. AI-powered MOOCs is an emerging opportunity for India to lead MOOCs worldwide.
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