将LoRA的每秩视为专家,实现细粒度知识共享与任务冲突缓解。
Each Rank Could be an Expert: Single-Ranked Mixture of Experts LoRA for Multi-Task Learning
- 每秩独立作为专家,动态激活提升参数利用效率。
- 相同参数量下,细粒度分区性能优于传统方法。
- 适合多任务场景中高效微调大模型的科研与工程人员。
低秩适配(LoRA)因其高效和模块化被广泛用于大语言模型的领域适配。然而,传统LoRA在多任务场景中易产生任务冲突。近期工作通过将每个LoRA模块视为专家,构建混合专家(MoE)以缓解干扰,但往往使知识局限于单一任务,未能充分利用相关任务间的共享知识。本文揭示了单个LoRA与多LoRA MoE之间的关联,将其统一于同一框架中。实证表明,多LoRA的动态路由等价于单个LoRA中的秩划分与块级激活。进一步实验显示,在总参数与激活参数约束相同条件下,更细粒度的LoRA划分能带来更好的跨异构任务性能提升。基于此,我们提出单秩混合专家LoRA(SMoRA),将MoE机制嵌入LoRA,通过动态秩级激活机制,促进细粒度知识共享并缓解任务冲突。实验表明,SMoRA在激活更少参数的情况下,仍可在多任务场景中取得更优表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for adapting large language models (LLMs) to specific domains due to its efficiency and modularity. Meanwhile, vanilla LoRA struggles with task conflicts in multi-task scenarios. Recent works adopt Mixture of Experts (MoE) by treating each LoRA module as an expert, thereby mitigating task interference through multiple specialized LoRA modules. While effective, these methods often isolate knowledge within individual tasks, failing to fully exploit the shared knowledge across related tasks. In this paper, we establish a connection between single LoRA and multi-LoRA MoE, integrating them into a unified framework. We demonstrate that the dynamic routing of multiple LoRAs is functionally equivalent to rank partitioning and block-level activation within a single LoRA. We further empirically demonstrate that finer-grained LoRA partitioning, within the same total and activated parameter constraints, leads to better performance gains across heterogeneous tasks. Building on these findings, we propose Single-ranked Mixture of Experts LoRA (\textbf{SMoRA}), which embeds MoE into LoRA by \textit{treating each rank as an independent expert}. With a \textit{dynamic rank-wise activation} mechanism, SMoRA promotes finer-grained knowledge sharing while mitigating task conflicts. Experiments demonstrate that SMoRA activates fewer parameters yet achieves better performance in multi-task scenarios.
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