用提示词让ChatGPT帮中文学习者练听说写，按欧标分级精准训练。
Prompting ChatGPT for Chinese Learning as L2: A CEFR and EBCL Level Study
- 设计针对A1-A2水平的提示词，控制生词和汉字使用。
- 引入高频汉字表后，模型对目标字集的遵循率显著提升。
- 适合想个性化练中文的学习者，尤其关注汉字与口语结合。
自1960年代以来，聊天机器人在语言学习中的应用已显著发展，随着生成式AI的出现，这些工具现可模拟自然对话并适应学习者个体需求，包括中文学习者。本研究探讨学习者如何通过特定提示词，使大型语言模型（LLM）作为个性化聊天助手，依据欧洲共同语言参考框架（CEFR）和欧洲中文能力基准（EBCL）项目设定的语言水平进行教学。聚焦于A1、A1+和A2级别，研究针对中文特有的表意文字系统带来的挑战，旨在开发融合听说读写技能的提示策略，使用高频汉字列表并控制口语词汇输出。这些由生成式AI驱动的工具旨在通过词汇与汉字复现的交叉，增强语言练习效果。我们系统性地使用ChatGPT模型评估其对提示中设定约束的遵守情况。结果显示，融入A1和A1+级汉字及其参考列表后，模型对EBCL汉字集的遵循度显著提高。合理提示下，LLM能增加目标语言暴露量，并提供互动交流以发展语言能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The use of chatbots in language learning has evolved significantly since the 1960s, becoming more sophisticated platforms as generative AI emerged. These tools now simulate natural conversations, adapting to individual learners' needs, including those studying Chinese. Our study explores how learners can use specific prompts to engage Large Language Models (LLM) as personalized chatbots, aiming to target their language level based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and the European Benchmarking Chinese Language (EBCL) project. Focusing on A1, A1+ and A2 levels, we examine the teaching of Chinese, which presents unique challenges due to its logographic writing system. Our goal is to develop prompts that integrate oral and written skills, using high-frequency character lists and controlling oral lexical productions. These tools, powered by generative AI, aim to enhance language practice by crossing lexical and sinographic recurrence. While generative AI shows potential as a personalized tutor, further evaluation is needed to assess its effectiveness. We conducted a systematic series of experiments using ChatGPT models to evaluate their adherence to constraints specified in the prompts. The results indicate that incorporating level A1 and A1+ characters, along with the associated reference list, significantly enhances compliance with the EBCL character set. Properly prompted, LLMs can increase exposure to the target language and offer interactive exchanges to develop language skills.
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