研究发现隐私缺失比噪音干扰更影响办公室声学满意度。
Noise disturbance and lack of privacy: Modeling acoustic dissatisfaction in open-plan offices
- 用声学测量与问卷结合建模，发现隐私缺失影响是噪音干扰的25%更高。
- 基于声压级衰减的指标比传统语音传输指数更能预测满意度和隐私问题。
- 中等规模办公室满意度最低，且布局灵活性不影响感知差异。
开放式办公空间常受声学问题困扰。本研究通过28个不同办公环境中的349份员工问卷，结合室内外声学测量数据，建立声学满意度模型。结果显示，'隐私缺失'（LackPriv）对'声学满意度'（AcDsat）的影响比'噪音干扰'（NseDstrb）高出25%。基于声压级（SPL）衰减的指标（如 $L_{\text{p,A,s,4m}}$ 与 $r_{\text{C}}$）在预测满意度和隐私缺失方面优于依赖语音传输指数的 $r_{\text{D}}$，这与以往研究相反。工作中测得的 $L_{\text{A,90}}$ 和心理声学响度 $N_{\text{90}}$ 能预测满意度，而 $M_{\text{A,eq}}$ 可预测隐私缺失，但这些指标预测力仍弱于ISO 3382-3标准推荐指标。中等规模办公室（<50人）满意度显著低于大型办公室（≥50人），且天花板高度、工位数量、工作年限等因素影响明显，但固定座位与灵活/活动型工作模式无显著差异。结果表明，仅靠仪器测量难以全面刻画用户感知。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Open-plan offices are well-known to be adversely affected by acoustic issues. This study aims to model acoustic dissatisfaction using measurements of room acoustics, sound environment during occupancy, and occupant surveys (n = 349) in 28 offices representing a diverse range of workplace parameters. As latent factors, the contribution of $\textit{lack of privacy}$ (LackPriv) was 25% higher than $\textit{noise disturbance}$ (NseDstrb) in predicting $\textit{acoustic dissatisfaction}$ (AcDsat). Room acoustic metrics based on sound pressure level (SPL) decay of speech ($L_{\text{p,A,s,4m}}$ and $r_{\text{C}}$) were better in predicting these factors than distraction distance ($r_{\text{D}}$) based on speech transmission index. This contradicts previous findings, and the trends for SPL-based metrics in predicting AcDsat and LackPriv go against expectations based on ISO 3382-3. For sound during occupation, $L_{\text{A,90}}$ and psychoacoustic loudness ($N_{\text{90}}$) predicted AcDsat, and a SPL fluctuation metric ($M_{\text{A,eq}}$) predicted LackPriv. However, these metrics were weaker predictors than ISO 3382-3 metrics. Medium-sized offices exhibited higher dissatisfaction than larger ($\geq$50 occupants) offices. Dissatisfaction varied substantially across parameters including ceiling heights, number of workstations, and years of work, but not between offices with fixed seating compared to more flexible and activity-based working configurations. Overall, these findings highlight the complexities in characterizing occupants' perceptions using instrumental acoustic measurements.
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