arXiv:2501.16490cs.CRcs.AI2025-01被引 18

仅用正常数据训练,就能识别电网异常与对抗攻击。

Towards Robust Stability Prediction in Smart Grids: GAN-based Approach under Data Constraints and Adversarial Challenges

  • 用生成对抗网络生成偏离正常数据的异常样本,无需真实故障数据。
  • 在真实数据集上实现98.1%稳定性预测准确率,98.9%攻击检测率。
  • 轻量部署支持实时决策,响应时间低于7毫秒,适合边缘设备。

智能电网对满足全球人口增长和城市化带来的能源需求至关重要。通过整合可再生能源,提升效率、可靠性和可持续性。但保障其可用性与安全需先进运行控制与安全措施。尽管人工智能与机器学习可用于评估电网稳定性,但数据稀缺与网络安全威胁(尤其是对抗攻击)仍是挑战。真实电网失稳案例获取需大量专业知识、资源与时间,而这些案例对测试新技术与安全对策至关重要。本文提出一种新框架,仅使用稳定数据即可检测电网失稳。采用生成对抗网络(GAN),其中生成器不生成近似真实数据,而是生成相对于稳定类别的分布外(OOD)样本,代表不稳定行为、异常或扰动。通过仅在稳定数据上训练,并让判别器接触这些OOD样本,框架学习到鲁棒的决策边界,可区分稳定状态与任何不稳定行为,且训练中无需不稳定数据。此外,引入对抗训练层以增强抗攻击能力。在真实数据集上评估,本方案稳定性预测准确率达98.1%,对抗攻击检测率达98.9%。部署于单板计算机,实现平均响应时间低于7ms的实时决策。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Smart grids are crucial for meeting rising energy demands driven by global population growth and urbanization. By integrating renewable energy sources, they enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. However, ensuring their availability and security requires advanced operational control and safety measures. Although artificial intelligence and machine learning can help assess grid stability, challenges such as data scarcity and cybersecurity threats, particularly adversarial attacks, remain. Data scarcity is a major issue, as obtaining real-world instances of grid instability requires significant expertise, resources, and time. Yet, these instances are critical for testing new research advancements and security mitigations. This paper introduces a novel framework for detecting instability in smart grids using only stable data. It employs a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) where the generator is designed not to produce near-realistic data but instead to generate Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) samples with respect to the stable class. These OOD samples represent unstable behavior, anomalies, or disturbances that deviate from the stable data distribution. By training exclusively on stable data and exposing the discriminator to OOD samples, our framework learns a robust decision boundary to distinguish stable conditions from any unstable behavior, without requiring unstable data during training. Furthermore, we incorporate an adversarial training layer to enhance resilience against attacks. Evaluated on a real-world dataset, our solution achieves up to 98.1\% accuracy in predicting grid stability and 98.9\% in detecting adversarial attacks. Implemented on a single-board computer, it enables real-time decision-making with an average response time of under 7ms.

电网安全生成模型对抗攻击实时检测

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