解决视频预测中注意力机制导致的语义稀释问题,提升模型准确性。
Overcoming Semantic Dilution in Transformer-Based Next Frame Prediction
- 提出新型多头注意力机制,避免特征信息分割丢失。
- 在多个视频数据集上实现更优的帧预测精度,指标提升显著。
- 适合需要高精度视频理解的自动驾驶与目标跟踪场景。
视频下一帧预测对自动驾驶、目标追踪和运动预测等应用至关重要。主要挑战在于有效捕捉和处理先前视频序列中的时空信息。虽然基于Transformer的模型在此领域已取得显著进展,但仍存在两大问题:(a) 多头自注意力(MHSA)将输入嵌入分为 $N$ 个块,每块仅保留原始信息的一部分,导致潜在空间表示失真,引发语义稀释;(b) 模型预测的是下一帧的嵌入而非像素,但损失函数基于重构帧误差,训练目标与输出不一致。为此,本文提出语义集中多头自注意力(SCMHSA),有效缓解语义稀释问题。同时设计一种在潜在空间优化的损失函数,使训练目标更贴近模型输出。实验表明,该方法优于原有Transformer基线模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Next-frame prediction in videos is crucial for applications such as autonomous driving, object tracking, and motion prediction. The primary challenge in next-frame prediction lies in effectively capturing and processing both spatial and temporal information from previous video sequences. The transformer architecture, known for its prowess in handling sequence data, has made remarkable progress in this domain. However, transformer-based next-frame prediction models face notable issues: (a) The multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism requires the input embedding to be split into $N$ chunks, where $N$ is the number of heads. Each segment captures only a fraction of the original embeddings information, which distorts the representation of the embedding in the latent space, resulting in a semantic dilution problem; (b) These models predict the embeddings of the next frames rather than the frames themselves, but the loss function based on the errors of the reconstructed frames, not the predicted embeddings -- this creates a discrepancy between the training objective and the model output. We propose a Semantic Concentration Multi-Head Self-Attention (SCMHSA) architecture, which effectively mitigates semantic dilution in transformer-based next-frame prediction. Additionally, we introduce a loss function that optimizes SCMHSA in the latent space, aligning the training objective more closely with the model output. Our method demonstrates superior performance compared to the original transformer-based predictors.
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