arXiv:2501.18075cs.RO2025-01ICRA

从点云生成复杂抓取与重抓策略,支持旋转等动态操作。

Synthesizing Grasps and Regrasps for Complex Manipulation Tasks

  • 将复杂操作拆解为恒定螺旋运动序列,逐段找可抓区域。
  • 通过相邻段可抓区重叠判断重抓时机,最多需3次重抓。
  • 适用于点云感知的机器人,尤其适合非刚性或复杂动作场景。

在复杂操作任务中,如绕轴旋转,被操作物体的运动需满足随时间变化的路径约束,单一抓取难以覆盖全程,可能需要重抓。此外,传感器获取的物体几何数据通常以点云形式存在。如何从点云表示的物体中计算出适用于复杂操作的抓取与重抓策略,是赋予机器人超越拾取放置能力的关键问题。本文形式化了基于(部分)点云表示的复杂操作抓取/重抓问题,并提出一种求解算法。将复杂操作任务建模为一系列恒定螺旋运动,利用操作骨架作为运动序列,通过抓取评分函数在每个螺旋段上识别物体上的可抓区域。通过分析连续螺旋段之间可抓区域的重叠程度,确定重抓的时机与次数。实验使用来自RGB-D传感器采集的点云数据验证了该方法的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In complex manipulation tasks, e.g., manipulation by pivoting, the motion of the object being manipulated has to satisfy path constraints that can change during the motion. Therefore, a single grasp may not be sufficient for the entire path, and the object may need to be regrasped. Additionally, geometric data for objects from a sensor are usually available in the form of point clouds. The problem of computing grasps and regrasps from point-cloud representation of objects for complex manipulation tasks is a key problem in endowing robots with manipulation capabilities beyond pick-and-place. In this paper, we formalize the problem of grasping/regrasping for complex manipulation tasks with objects represented by (partial) point clouds and present an algorithm to solve it. We represent a complex manipulation task as a sequence of constant screw motions. Using a manipulation plan skeleton as a sequence of constant screw motions, we use a grasp metric to find graspable regions on the object for every constant screw segment. The overlap of the graspable regions for contiguous screws are then used to determine when and how many times the object needs to be regrasped. We present experimental results on point cloud data collected from RGB-D sensors to illustrate our approach.

机器人抓取点云处理操作规划重抓策略

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