arXiv:2501.18356cs.LGcs.AI2025-01被引 1

通过持续保持隐状态,让大模型实现类元认知推理能力。

State Stream Transformer (SST) : Emergent Metacognitive Behaviours Through Latent State Persistence

  • 引入滑动窗口隐状态缓存,实现生成过程中的连续计算
  • 零样本下在GSM-8K和ARC Challenge上分别达到89.01%和91.04%准确率
  • 适合研究模型内部推理机制与隐空间动态的学者

我们提出状态流变换器(SST),一种新型大语言模型架构,通过解决传统Transformer在自回归生成中缺乏隐状态空间计算连续性的根本缺陷,揭示了预训练权重中潜藏的推理能力。SST引入带加权衰减的滑动窗口隐状态(FFN)缓存,使隐状态在整个生成过程中持续演化。在使用相同冻结权重的对比实验中,仅通过此结构修改即显著提升推理能力,表现出类元认知行为,且在控制随机性与响应模式干扰的条件下仍稳定存在。对隐状态分布与处理动态的分析表明,这些现象仅由‘状态流’驱动。定量评估显示,SST在两个推理基准上表现优异:0样本下于GSM-8K达89.01%,于ARC Challenge达91.04%。结果表明,隐状态空间中的持续计算可实现本质不同的信息处理与内部推理策略,对理解人工智能系统具有重要意义。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce the State Stream Transformer (SST), a novel LLM architecture that reveals emergent reasoning behaviours and capabilities latent in pretrained weights through addressing a fundamental limitation in traditional transformer models: the lack of latent computational continuity across autoregressive generations in the state space. SST introduces a sliding window latent state (FFN) cache with weighted decay that maintains and evolves persistent latent processes throughout autoregressive generations. Through controlled experiments comparing base and SST architectures using the same frozen weights, we demonstrate that this architectural modification alone enables enhanced reasoning capabilities which appear best explained by some form of potential higher-order processing, as evidenced by emergent metacognitive behaviours. These behaviours persist under controlled conditions designed to eliminate confounding factors such as stochastic variation or learned response patterns. Analysis of latent state distributions and processing dynamics provides evidence that it is solely the 'state stream' that is responsible for these phenomena. In quantitative evaluations, the SST achieves substantial performance improvements over the base model on two reasoning benchmarks, reaching 89.01\% accuracy on GSM-8K (0-shot) and 91.04\% on ARC Challenge (0-shot CoT). These findings indicate that persistent computation in the latent state space enables fundamentally different information processing and internal reasoning strategies, with implications for our understanding of artificial intelligence systems.

大模型推理隐状态元认知

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