arXiv:2501.18367cs.LGcs.AI2025-01被引 1

通过自学习多视角对比框架,提升医疗时序数据诊断准确率。

A Learnable Multi-views Contrastive Framework with Reconstruction Discrepancy for Medical Time-Series

  • 设计可学习的多视角对比框架,自动捕获不同视图特征。
  • 在3个真实数据集上优于7种基线方法,显著提升诊断性能。
  • 适合医疗时序分析、疾病早期诊断等场景使用。

在医疗时序数据疾病诊断中,存在两大挑战:一是标注成本高导致模型在标签有限的单中心数据上过拟合;二是现有对比学习方法依赖人工设计正负样本对,复杂且难以适应不同病情。为此,本文提出LMCF(Learnable Multi-views Contrastive Framework),结合多头注意力机制与视图间/视图内对比学习策略,实现对多视角特征的自适应学习。同时,利用预训练的AE-GAN重建目标数据的差异性,将其转化为疾病概率并融入对比学习过程。在三个目标数据集上的实验表明,该方法持续优于七种基线模型,在心肌梗死、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的诊断任务中表现优异,具有重要临床应用价值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In medical time series disease diagnosis, two key challenges are identified.First, the high annotation cost of medical data leads to overfitting in models trained on label-limited, single-center datasets. To address this, we propose incorporating external data from related tasks and leveraging AE-GAN to extract prior knowledge,providing valuable references for downstream tasks. Second, many existing studies employ contrastive learning to derive more generalized medical sequence representations for diagnostic tasks, usually relying on manually designed diverse positive and negative sample pairs.However, these approaches are complex, lack generalizability, and fail to adaptively capture disease-specific features across different conditions.To overcome this, we introduce LMCF (Learnable Multi-views Contrastive Framework), a framework that integrates a multi-head attention mechanism and adaptively learns representations from different views through inter-view and intra-view contrastive learning strategies.Additionally, the pre-trained AE-GAN is used to reconstruct discrepancies in the target data as disease probabilities, which are then integrated into the contrastive learning process.Experiments on three target datasets demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms seven other baselines, highlighting its significant impact on healthcare applications such as the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.

医疗时序对比学习多视角疾病诊断

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