聚焦自主机器人早期开发中的安全保证难题
Autonomy and Safety Assurance in the Early Development of Robotics and Autonomous Systems
- 通过多方协作研讨，提出设计即保障的工程思路
- 针对巡检机器人，提炼出四类典型场景案例
- 适合政策制定者与机器人研发团队参考
本报告概述了2024年9月2日在英国曼彻斯特大学由需求严苛且持久环境中的机器人自主性中心（CRADLE）主办的研讨会。会议汇聚了来自六个不同领域的监管与保障机构代表，共同探讨确保自主系统（尤其是自主巡检机器人）安全性的挑战与证据。研讨会包含六场特邀报告，围绕三大研究问题展开：(i) 自主巡检机器人安全保证的挑战；(ii) 安全保证的证据体系；(iii) 自主系统保障案例的差异化需求。会后分组讨论结合了地面（铁路）、核能、水下及无人机等四类实际应用案例。参与者普遍表示愿采纳设计即保障流程，以确保机器人满足监管要求。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This report provides an overview of the workshop titled Autonomy and Safety Assurance in the Early Development of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, hosted by the Centre for Robotic Autonomy in Demanding and Long-Lasting Environments (CRADLE) on September 2, 2024, at The University of Manchester, UK. The event brought together representatives from six regulatory and assurance bodies across diverse sectors to discuss challenges and evidence for ensuring the safety of autonomous and robotic systems, particularly autonomous inspection robots (AIR). The workshop featured six invited talks by the regulatory and assurance bodies. CRADLE aims to make assurance an integral part of engineering reliable, transparent, and trustworthy autonomous systems. Key discussions revolved around three research questions: (i) challenges in assuring safety for AIR; (ii) evidence for safety assurance; and (iii) how assurance cases need to differ for autonomous systems. Following the invited talks, the breakout groups further discussed the research questions using case studies from ground (rail), nuclear, underwater, and drone-based AIR. This workshop offered a valuable opportunity for representatives from industry, academia, and regulatory bodies to discuss challenges related to assured autonomy. Feedback from participants indicated a strong willingness to adopt a design-for-assurance process to ensure that robots are developed and verified to meet regulatory expectations.
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