arXiv:2501.18802cs.ROcs.SY2025-01被引 43

多旋翼协同吊运负载,实现八倍于现有方法的高加速度敏捷操控。

Agile and Cooperative Aerial Manipulation of a Cable-Suspended Load

  • 基于轨迹的在线全系统动力学规划,实时处理旋翼与负载间耦合效应。
  • 实测加速度提升至少8倍,可高速穿越狭窄通道完成复杂动作。
  • 无需负载额外传感器,对负载不确定性鲁棒,适合搜救等紧急任务。

四旋翼无人机可高速将悬挂负载运至难以到达的位置。由于单个四旋翼载荷能力有限,由多架四旋翼协同搬运重物是可扩展且有前景的解决方案。然而,现有多机吊运控制算法因旋翼与负载间复杂的动态耦合,仅能实现低速、低加速度操作,限制了其在搜救等时间敏感任务中的应用。本文提出一种新方案,显著提升悬吊式多机系统的敏捷性。不同于传统级联控制,我们引入基于轨迹的框架,实时求解全系统动力学运动规划问题,充分考虑旋翼与负载间的动态耦合及约束。规划轨迹以滚动时域方式作为参考输入,由机载控制器跟踪,并观测与补偿缆绳张力。真实实验表明,本框架在遵循敏捷轨迹时,加速度至少是现有先进方法的八倍。该方法还能实现高速穿越狭小通道等复杂机动。同时,对负载不确定性具有强鲁棒性,无需在负载上加装任何传感器,展现出良好的实用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Quadrotors can carry slung loads to hard-to-reach locations at high speed. Since a single quadrotor has limited payload capacities, using a team of quadrotors to collaboratively manipulate a heavy object is a scalable and promising solution. However, existing control algorithms for multi-lifting systems only enable low-speed and low-acceleration operations due to the complex dynamic coupling between quadrotors and the load, limiting their use in time-critical missions such as search and rescue. In this work, we present a solution to significantly enhance the agility of cable-suspended multi-lifting systems. Unlike traditional cascaded solutions, we introduce a trajectory-based framework that solves the whole-body kinodynamic motion planning problem online, accounting for the dynamic coupling effects and constraints between the quadrotors and the load. The planned trajectory is provided to the quadrotors as a reference in a receding-horizon fashion and is tracked by an onboard controller that observes and compensates for the cable tension. Real-world experiments demonstrate that our framework can achieve at least eight times greater acceleration than state-of-the-art methods to follow agile trajectories. Our method can even perform complex maneuvers such as flying through narrow passages at high speed. Additionally, it exhibits high robustness against load uncertainties and does not require adding any sensors to the load, demonstrating strong practicality.

多旋翼协同操控敏捷飞行吊运系统

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