用联邦学习预测电动车充电位置,保护隐私且准确率达92%。
Privacy Preserving Charge Location Prediction for Electric Vehicles
- 每辆电动车本地训练模型,只共享参数不传原始数据。
- 在保障隐私前提下,预测准确率最高达92%。
- 适合关注电动车隐私与能源管理的系统设计者。
到2050年,电动汽车(EV)预计占全球汽车销量的70%。尽管电动汽车带来环保优势,但也对能源生产、电网基础设施及数据隐私构成挑战。现有电动汽车路径规划与充电管理研究常忽视隐私问题,导致敏感出行数据易泄露。为此,我们提出一种联邦学习变压器网络(FLTN),用于更安全地预测电动汽车下一次充电位置。每辆电动车作为客户端,本地训练一个基于车载的FLTN模型,仅将模型权重共享给基于社区的分布式能源资源管理系统(DERMS),由其聚合生成全局模型。为进一步增强隐私性,非移动车辆通过点对点权重共享与增强,在社区内混淆个体贡献,提升模型准确性。社区级DERMS的全局模型权重随后重新分发至各电动车,实现持续训练。仿真结果表明,该方法在多种充电水平下均能有效预测长期能量需求。相较于基准集中式模型(隐私无保障,准确率达98%),本方案在保护数据隐私的同时达到最高92%的预测准确率,提供了一种兼顾隐私与性能的电动车充电位置预测解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
By 2050, electric vehicles (EVs) are projected to account for 70% of global vehicle sales. While EVs provide environmental benefits, they also pose challenges for energy generation, grid infrastructure, and data privacy. Current research on EV routing and charge management often overlooks privacy when predicting energy demands, leaving sensitive mobility data vulnerable. To address this, we developed a Federated Learning Transformer Network (FLTN) to predict EVs' next charge location with enhanced privacy measures. Each EV operates as a client, training an onboard FLTN model that shares only model weights, not raw data with a community-based Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS), which aggregates them into a community global model. To further enhance privacy, non-transitory EVs use peer-to-peer weight sharing and augmentation within their community, obfuscating individual contributions and improving model accuracy. Community DERMS global model weights are then redistributed to EVs for continuous training. Our FLTN approach achieved up to 92% accuracy while preserving data privacy, compared to our baseline centralised model, which achieved 98% accuracy with no data privacy. Simulations conducted across diverse charge levels confirm the FLTN's ability to forecast energy demands over extended periods. We present a privacy-focused solution for forecasting EV charge location prediction, effectively mitigating data leakage risks.
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