arXiv:2502.01857cs.ROcs.AI2025-02

让机器人与人协作导航,减少沟通量且降低认知负担。

IG-MCTS: Human-in-the-Loop Cooperative Navigation under Incomplete Information

  • 用信息增益优化搜索,同时规划机器人行动和有用通信
  • 实验显示沟通需求下降,人眼动指标表明认知负荷更低
  • 适用于地图不全场景,可推广至连续水域导航

在信息不完整条件下,人机协同导航极具挑战。我们提出 CoNav-Maze 模拟环境:机器人仅具局部感知,人类操作员依据不准确地图提供引导;机器人可通过共享摄像头画面帮助操作员修正环境认知。为实现高效协作,我们提出 IG-MCTS 算法——一种在线规划方法,联合优化自主移动与信息性通信。IG-MCTS 利用基于众包制图数据集训练的神经人类感知模型(NHPM),预测新观测信息分享后人类内部地图的演化过程。用户研究表明,IG-MCTS 显著降低通信需求,眼动指标显示认知负荷更低,同时任务表现与遥操作及指令跟随基线相当。最后,我们通过连续空间的水道导航场景展示泛化能力:此时 NHPM 使用更深层编码器-解码器结构,IG-MCTS 则利用动态构建的 Voronoi 分割可通行图。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Human-robot cooperative navigation is challenging under incomplete information. We introduce CoNav-Maze, a simulated environment where a robot navigates with local perception while a human operator provides guidance based on an inaccurate map. The robot can share its onboard camera views to help the operator refine their understanding of the environment. To enable efficient cooperation, we propose Information Gain Monte Carlo Tree Search (IG-MCTS), an online planning algorithm that jointly optimizes autonomous movement and informative communication. IG-MCTS leverages a learned Neural Human Perception Model (NHPM) -- trained on a crowdsourced mapping dataset -- to predict how the human's internal map evolves as new observations are shared. User studies show that IG-MCTS significantly reduces communication demands and yields eye-tracking metrics indicative of lower cognitive load, while maintaining task performance comparable to teleoperation and instruction-following baselines. Finally, we illustrate generalization beyond discrete mazes through a continuous-space waterway navigation setting, in which NHPM benefits from deeper encoder-decoder architectures and IG-MCTS leverages a dynamically constructed Voronoi-partitioned traversability graph.

人机协作导航算法认知负荷强化学习

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