通过调控计算频率与运动速度,让机器人在限定电量下跑得更快。
Rethinking Energy Management for Autonomous Ground Robots on a Budget
- 设计动态调节计算和运动参数的控制框架,兼顾能耗与性能。
- 实测中比基线快17%,仿真快31%,仅消耗95%电量。
- 适合预算有限、需最大化续航表现的自主地面机器人部署。
自主地面机器人(AGRs)因能量储备有限,整体性能与可用性受到显著制约。以往研究分别关注能效优化与车队任务调度,但现有调度器假设任务分配时需完全利用能量以达最大性能,与能效实践相悖。本文通过实验分析计算频率与运动速度对能耗和性能的联合影响,构建了基于原型机器人的集成优化基础。为此提出可预测能耗控制器PECC,动态调节计算频率与运动速度,在指定能量预算内最大化性能。实测与仿真结果表明,相比能效基线,机器人在真实环境中速度提升17%,仿真中提升31%,分别消耗95%和91%的能源预算。结果证明,当优先保障能量预算时,PECC能有效提升机器人性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous Ground Robots (AGRs) face significant challenges due to limited energy reserve, which restricts their overall performance and availability. Prior research has focused separately on energy-efficient approaches and fleet management strategies for task allocation to extend operational time. A fleet-level scheduler, however, assumes a specific energy consumption during task allocation, requiring the AGR to fully utilize the energy for maximum performance, which contrasts with energy-efficient practices. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the combined impact of computing frequency and locomotion speed on energy consumption and performance. We analyze these variables through experiments on our prototype AGR, laying the foundation for an integrated approach that optimizes cyber-physical resources within the constraints of a specified energy budget. To tackle this challenge, we introduce PECC (Predictable Energy Consumption Controller), a framework designed to optimize computing frequency and locomotion speed to maximize performance while ensuring the system operates within the specified energy budget. We conducted extensive experiments with PECC using a real AGR and in simulations, comparing it to an energy-efficient baseline. Our results show that the AGR travels up to 17\% faster than the baseline in real-world tests and up to 31\% faster in simulations, while consuming 95\% and 91\% of the given energy budget, respectively. These results prove that PECC can effectively enhance AGR performance in scenarios where prioritizing the energy budget outweighs the need for energy efficiency.
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