解决多智能体强化学习中的过估计问题,提升训练稳定性。
Dual Ensembled Multiagent Q-Learning with Hypernet Regularizer
- 构建估计算法与优化过程的双阶段分析框架
- 在MPE和SMAC上实现更稳定的多智能体学习性能
- 适合研究多智能体强化学习与过估计问题的学者
单智能体强化学习中的过估计问题已得到广泛研究,而多智能体场景下的过估计虽随智能体数量增加而加剧并导致严重学习不稳定性,却较少受关注。现有方法仅聚焦于目标Q值估计过程中的过估计,忽视了在线Q网络优化过程中的过估计累积,难以全面应对复杂多智能体过估计问题。本文首次建立多智能体价值混合Q学习的迭代估计算法-优化分析框架,揭示过估计不仅源于目标Q值计算,还会在在线Q网络优化中持续累积。为此,提出双集合多智能体Q学习与超网络正则化算法:第一,将随机集合技术扩展至目标个体与全局Q值估计,生成更低更新目标;第二,设计新型超网络权重与偏置正则化项,约束在线全局Q网络优化,防止过估计累积。在MPE与SMAC上的大量实验表明,该方法在多种任务中有效缓解了过估计问题。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Overestimation in single-agent reinforcement learning has been extensively studied. In contrast, overestimation in the multiagent setting has received comparatively little attention although it increases with the number of agents and leads to severe learning instability. Previous works concentrate on reducing overestimation in the estimation process of target Q-value. They ignore the follow-up optimization process of online Q-network, thus making it hard to fully address the complex multiagent overestimation problem. To solve this challenge, in this study, we first establish an iterative estimation-optimization analysis framework for multiagent value-mixing Q-learning. Our analysis reveals that multiagent overestimation not only comes from the computation of target Q-value but also accumulates in the online Q-network's optimization. Motivated by it, we propose the Dual Ensembled Multiagent Q-Learning with Hypernet Regularizer algorithm to tackle multiagent overestimation from two aspects. First, we extend the random ensemble technique into the estimation of target individual and global Q-values to derive a lower update target. Second, we propose a novel hypernet regularizer on hypernetwork weights and biases to constrain the optimization of online global Q-network to prevent overestimation accumulation. Extensive experiments in MPE and SMAC show that the proposed method successfully addresses overestimation across various tasks.
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