用对比学习微调小模型,让大模型嵌入在资源受限场景下高效适配下游任务。
Efficient Domain Adaptation of Multimodal Embeddings using Constrastive Learning
- 冻结大模型嵌入,仅训练小型非线性投影层
- 对比学习提升多模态任务性能,计算开销极低
- 适合医疗等算力受限但要求高精度的场景
机器学习、自然语言处理和基础模型的进步为医疗等关键领域带来应用前景,但本地计算资源有限制约了技术落地。现有方法要么在未适配时表现不佳,要么需大量计算资源进行微调,难以在资源受限环境中使用。为此,我们提出一种新方法:利用冻结的大型语言模型和视觉模型的嵌入,通过对比学习训练一个小型、任务特定的非线性投影层,用于下游任务,无需微调原始基础模型。实验表明,该方法在多个下游任务上实现显著性能提升,且计算开销极小,为资源受限环境下应用先进模型提供了实用解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advancements in machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and foundational models have shown promise for real-life applications in critical, albeit compute-constrainted fields like healthcare. In such areas, combining foundational models with supervised ML offers potential for automating tasks like diagnosis and treatment planning, but the limited availability of onsite computational resources pose significant challenges before applying these technologies effectively: Current approaches either yield subpar results when using pretrained models without task-specific adaptation, or require substantial computational resources for fine-tuning, which is often a barrier to entry in such environments. This renders them inaccessible in applications where performance and quality standards are high, but computational resources are scarce. To bridge the gap between best-in-class performance and accessibility, we propose a novel method for adapting foundational, multimodal embeddings to downstream tasks, without the need of expensive fine-tuning processes. Our method leverages frozen embeddings from Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Models, and uses contrastive learning to train a small, task-specific nonlinear projection that can be used in the downstream task, without having to fine-tune the original foundational models. We show that this efficient procedure leads to significant performance improvements across various downstream tasks, and perhaps more importantly with minimal computational overhead, offering a practical solution for the use of advanced, foundational ML models in resource-constrained settings.
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