提出四种搜索引擎伦理角色，探讨如何更负责任地提供信息。
Control Search Rankings, Control the World: What is a Good Search Engine?
- 用客户服务员、图书管理员等四类角色定义搜索伦理。
- 结合新冠疫情案例分析不同角色的信息呈现差异。
- 适合关注搜索公平性与算法治理的研究者。
本文探讨了‘什么是好的搜索引擎’这一伦理问题。由于搜索引擎是全球网络信息的守门人，其伦理表现至关重要。尽管互联网已发展数十年，但该议题仍缺乏跨学科研究。本文提出一种基于角色的新型方法，涵盖四种搜索行为伦理模型：客户服务员、图书管理员、记者与教师。通过信息检索领域的研究及新冠疫情的案例分析，探讨这些模型在实践中的应用。同时，回顾搜索引擎发展历程，从1990年代初期的粗略尝试，到如今大语言模型驱动的对话式信息获取系统逐渐取代传统网页搜索（如Google）的趋势。最后，文章梳理了当前及未来对搜索引擎监管与问责的考量。该研究对信息检索领域学者及其他关注搜索伦理者具有启发意义。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper examines the ethical question, 'What is a good search engine?' Since search engines are gatekeepers of global online information, it is vital they do their job ethically well. While the Internet is now several decades old, the topic remains under-explored from interdisciplinary perspectives. This paper presents a novel role-based approach involving four ethical models of types of search engine behavior: Customer Servant, Librarian, Journalist, and Teacher. It explores these ethical models with reference to the research field of information retrieval, and by means of a case study involving the COVID-19 global pandemic. It also reflects on the four ethical models in terms of the history of search engine development, from earlier crude efforts in the 1990s, to the very recent prospect of Large Language Model-based conversational information seeking systems taking on the roles of established web search engines like Google. Finally, the paper outlines considerations that inform present and future regulation and accountability for search engines as they continue to evolve. The paper should interest information retrieval researchers and others interested in the ethics of search engines.
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