arXiv:2502.03120cs.LGcs.AI2025-02

用机器学习分析印度大壶节踩踏事件,发现致命模式反复出现

At the Mahakumbh, Faith Met Tragedy: Computational Analysis of Stampede Patterns Using Machine Learning and NLP

  • 结合历史数据与自然语言处理,识别出92%踩踏事件集中于狭窄河岸通道
  • 1954与2025年踩踏均因贵宾路线优先导致安全资源被抽调,伤亡惨重
  • 揭示宗教仪式紧迫性如何压倒风险意识,导致恐慌传播如历史重现

本研究利用机器学习、历史分析与自然语言处理(NLP),考察印度大型宗教集会中反复发生的致命踩踏事件,重点关注2025年普拉亚格拉杰大壶节(48+人死亡)及其1954年先例(700+伤亡)。通过计算建模人群动态与行政记录,分析系统性脆弱环节。时间趋势分析显示,狭窄河岸通行路线与92%的过往踩踏地点相关,且在重要宗教时刻(如马尼阿玛瓦西亚)频繁出现致死性人群密度。对七十年来调查报告的NLP分析揭示周期性管理失效:1954年与2025年均因贵宾路线优先而抽调安全资源,加剧伤亡。统计建模表明,仪式紧迫感压倒风险认知,引发与历史事件高度相似的恐慌传播模式。研究支持‘制度性遗忘理论’,指出灾后响应始终为被动而非预防。通过将档案模式与计算人群行为分析关联,本文将踩踏事件定义为基础设施局限、社会-精神紧迫性与治理惰性的碰撞,挑战灾难话语需正视宗教经济如何合理化可预防的死亡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This study employs machine learning, historical analysis, and natural language processing (NLP) to examine recurring lethal stampedes at Indias mass religious gatherings, focusing on the 2025 Mahakumbh tragedy in Prayagraj (48+ deaths) and its 1954 predecessor (700+ casualties). Through computational modeling of crowd dynamics and administrative records, it investigates how systemic vulnerabilities contribute to these disasters. Temporal trend analysis identifies persistent choke points, with narrow riverbank access routes linked to 92% of past stampede sites and lethal crowd densities recurring during spiritually significant moments like Mauni Amavasya. NLP analysis of seven decades of inquiry reports reveals cyclical administrative failures, where VIP route prioritization diverted safety resources in both 1954 and 2025, exacerbating fatalities. Statistical modeling demonstrates how ritual urgency overrides risk perception, leading to panic propagation patterns that mirror historical incidents. Findings support the Institutional Amnesia Theory, highlighting how disaster responses remain reactionary rather than preventive. By correlating archival patterns with computational crowd behavior analysis, this study frames stampedes as a collision of infrastructure limitations, socio spiritual urgency, and governance inertia, challenging disaster discourse to address how spiritual economies normalize preventable mortality.

踩踏事件机器学习公共安全宗教集会

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