用神经网络直接估算随机偏微分方程的期望解,无需网格离散化。
Chaos into Order: Neural Framework for Expected Value Estimation of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations
- 通过随机采样时空坐标与噪声,训练神经网络最小化残差损失
- 在低维情况下准确逼近解的期望值,高维时精度下降但稳定
- 适合需要快速、无模拟器求解随机偏微分方程的研究者
随机偏微分方程(SPDEs)描述空间时间上随机过程的演化,但其解通常无法解析求解且计算成本高昂。本文提出学习期望坍缩器(LEC),一种物理信息神经框架,用于在不进行域离散化的情况下近似线性SPDE解的期望值。通过在训练中对时空坐标和噪声实现进行随机采样,LEC利用标准前馈神经网络最小化多组随机样本上的残差损失。我们假设并实证验证,该训练策略促使网络收敛至SPDE解的期望值。以随机热方程为测试基准,我们在144种不同配置下评估性能,涵盖多种空间维度、噪声模型和外力函数。结果表明,模型在低维情况下能一致地学习到解期望的精确近似,随空间维度增加精度呈可预测下降趋势,并在更多蒙特卡洛采样下表现出更强的稳定性与鲁棒性。研究揭示了神经网络从随机微分算子中隐式学习统计结构的机制,为构建可扩展、无需模拟器的SPDE求解器提供了新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) describe the evolution of random processes over space and time, but their solutions are often analytically intractable and computationally expensive to estimate. In this paper, we propose the Learned Expectation Collapser (LEC), a physics-informed neural framework designed to approximate the expected value of linear SPDE solutions without requiring domain discretization. By leveraging randomized sampling of both space-time coordinates and noise realizations during training, LEC trains standard feedforward neural networks to minimize residual loss across multiple stochastic samples. We hypothesize and empirically confirm that this training regime drives the network to converge toward the expected value of the solution of the SPDE. Using the stochastic heat equation as a testbed, we evaluate performance across a diverse set of 144 experimental configurations that span multiple spatial dimensions, noise models, and forcing functions. The results show that the model consistently learns accurate approximations of the expected value of the solution in lower dimensions and a predictable decrease in accuracy with increased spatial dimensions, with improved stability and robustness under increased Monte Carlo sampling. Our findings offer new insight into how neural networks implicitly learn statistical structure from stochastic differential operators and suggest a pathway toward scalable, simulator-free SPDE solvers.
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