动态构建协作图,让多智能体更好协同决策。
Deep Meta Coordination Graphs for Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
- 用动态元协作图建模智能体间关系,通过图卷积整合信息。
- 在复杂协作任务中性能超越现有基线,样本效率显著提升。
- 适合需要高效协同的多智能体系统,如机器人编队、游戏策略。
本文提出深度元协作图(DMCG),用于多智能体强化学习中的协作策略学习。协作图结构通过编码局部交互关系,对所有智能体的联合价值函数进行分解,从而提升MARL效率。DMCG动态构建所谓的“元协作图”,以学习更丰富的智能体交互表示,并利用图卷积网络整合智能体信息。目标是使可演化的协作图引导合作任务中的有效协调。协作图与智能体价值函数联合优化,实现对联合动作的隐式推理,支持交互表示与协调策略的端到端学习。实验表明,DMCG在多个挑战性协作任务中持续达到顶尖性能,且样本效率优于多种基于图与非图的MARL基线。通过若干消融实验,验证了各组件的有效性。同时分析了计算复杂度,讨论其在真实场景中的实用性。代码开源:https://github.com/Nikunj-Gupta/dmcg-marl。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents deep meta coordination graphs (DMCG) for learning cooperative policies in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Coordination graph formulations encode local interactions and accordingly factorize the joint value function of all agents to improve efficiency in MARL. Through DMCG, we dynamically compose what we refer to as \textit{meta coordination graphs}, to learn a more expressive representation of agent interactions and use them to integrate agent information through graph convolutional networks. The goal is to enable an evolving coordination graph to guide effective coordination in cooperative MARL tasks. The graphs are jointly optimized with agents' value functions to learn to implicitly reason about joint actions, facilitating the end-to-end learning of interaction representations and coordinated policies. We demonstrate that DMCG consistently achieves state-of-the-art coordination performance and sample efficiency on challenging cooperative tasks, outperforming several prior graph-based and non-graph-based MARL baselines. Through several ablations, we also isolate the impact of individual components in DMCG, showing that the observed improvements are due to the meaningful design choices in this approach. We also include an analysis of its computational complexity to discuss its practicality in real-world applications. All codes can be found here: {\color{blue}{https://github.com/Nikunj-Gupta/dmcg-marl}.
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