让网约车同时接单与优化AI模型,提升城市智能效率。
Online Location Planning for AI-Defined Vehicles: Optimizing Joint Tasks of Order Serving and Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneous Model Fine-Tuning
- 用多智能体强化学习在线协调接单与模型调优任务。
- 设计新服务质量指标,平衡数据时效性与订单等待时间。
- 融合图神经网络,捕捉车辆与地点间动态关系,适合智能交通研究者。
人工智能发展推动智慧城市演进,车联网(VCS)借助车辆移动性和传感器能力成为关键使能技术。网约车可在资源受限下灵活采集城市数据,助力城市智能化。本文探索一种新场景:边缘辅助的车辆同时执行订单服务与基础模型(FM)微调任务。但该联合任务面临时空特性不一致的挑战:(i)订单与数据兴趣点(PoI)在地理分布上可能不重合,且均遵循未知先验模式;(ii)订单超时即失效,而数据随陈旧度上升,其对模型微调的价值逐渐降低。为此,本文提出基于多智能体强化学习(MARL)的在线框架,并引入增强机制。设计新的服务质量(QoS)指标,以量化并平衡两项任务的收益,应对不同数据量与陈旧度的影响。结合图神经网络(GNN)增强状态表示,捕捉车辆与位置间的图结构、时变依赖关系。在基于纽约市出租车订单数据集和多种真实基础模型微调任务的仿真测试中,验证了所提方法的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) including foundation models (FMs), are increasingly transforming human society, with smart city driving the evolution of urban living.Meanwhile, vehicle crowdsensing (VCS) has emerged as a key enabler, leveraging vehicles' mobility and sensor-equipped capabilities. In particular, ride-hailing vehicles can effectively facilitate flexible data collection and contribute towards urban intelligence, despite resource limitations. Therefore, this work explores a promising scenario, where edge-assisted vehicles perform joint tasks of order serving and the emerging foundation model fine-tuning using various urban data. However, integrating the VCS AI task with the conventional order serving task is challenging, due to their inconsistent spatio-temporal characteristics: (i) The distributions of ride orders and data point-of-interests (PoIs) may not coincide in geography, both following a priori unknown patterns; (ii) they have distinct forms of temporal effects, i.e., prolonged waiting makes orders become instantly invalid while data with increased staleness gradually reduces its utility for model fine-tuning.To overcome these obstacles, we propose an online framework based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with careful augmentation. A new quality-of-service (QoS) metric is designed to characterize and balance the utility of the two joint tasks, under the effects of varying data volumes and staleness. We also integrate graph neural networks (GNNs) with MARL to enhance state representations, capturing graph-structured, time-varying dependencies among vehicles and across locations. Extensive experiments on our testbed simulator, utilizing various real-world foundation model fine-tuning tasks and the New York City Taxi ride order dataset, demonstrate the advantage of our proposed method.
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