研究 'in order that' 语法过时现象，揭示其百年衰退趋势及深层动因。
"In order that" -- a data driven study of symptoms and causes of obsolescence
- 结合语料库与统计分析，追踪 'in order that' 使用频率变化
- 发现其使用率自20世纪初持续下降，降幅显著
- 指出社会变迁与不定式结构兴起是核心驱动因素
本文是对语法过时现象的实证案例研究，聚焦目的连词'in order that'的使用频率变化。研究表明，自20世纪初以来，该表达的使用频率呈持续下降趋势。研究采用鲁德尼卡（2019）提出的数据驱动方法，融合语文学分析与基于大型语料库的统计手段，从过时症状描述推进至成因分析，力求全面阐释该现象。有趣的是，'in order that'的衰落主要归因于所谓高层级过程——即从上层影响句法结构的机制。具体包括两类：一是外部驱动的高层级过程，如19至20世纪剧烈的社会文化变迁；二是内部驱动的高层级过程，表现为不定式结构（to-infinitive）的兴起及其对从句构造的替代作用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The paper is an empirical case study of grammatical obsolescence in progress. The main studied variable is the purpose subordinator in order that, which is shown to be steadily decreasing in the frequency of use starting from the beginning of the twentieth century. This work applies a data-driven approach for the investigation and description of obsolescence, recently developed by the Rudnicka (2019). The methodology combines philological analysis with statistical methods used on data acquired from mega-corpora. Moving from the description of possible symptoms of obsolescence to different causes for it, the paper aims at presenting a comprehensive account of the studied phenomenon. Interestingly, a very significant role in the decline of in order that can be ascribed to the so-called higher-order processes, understood as processes influencing the constructional level from above. Two kinds of higher-order processes are shown to play an important role, namely i) an externally-motivated higher-order process exemplified by the drastic socio-cultural changes of the 19th and 20th centuries; ii) an internally-motivated higher-order processes instantiated by the rise of the to-infinitive (rise of infinite clauses).
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