arXiv:2502.04576cs.LGcs.CL2025-02被引 2

让大模型学会在恰当时候求助,避免盲目自信或过度依赖。

Self-Regulation and Requesting Interventions

  • 用奖励模型标注离线数据,训练助手策略决定何时请求帮助。
  • 在有限干预预算下,显著降低错误率并提升决策效率。
  • 适合需要高效可靠推理的智能体系统,如复杂任务规划。

人类智能包含元认知能力,如自我调节、识别自身局限并仅在必要时寻求帮助。尽管大型语言模型代理在多个领域表现优异,却常缺乏这种意识。过于自信的代理可能导致灾难性失败,而频繁求助则影响效率。核心挑战在于:如何使具有有限干预预算 $C$ 的代理判断何时请求协助。本文提出一种离线框架,通过结合基于大模型的过程奖励模型(PRMs)与表格型强化学习,训练一个“助手”策略来请求干预,例如调用更强模型或增加运行时计算资源。利用离线收集的状态转移数据,使用PRMs评估最优干预时机,并在此标注轨迹上训练助手模型。该离线方法大幅减少训练过程中的高成本干预调用。同时,将PRMs与表格型RL结合,在不牺牲鲁棒性的前提下避免深度强化学习的低效问题。实验表明,该方法能实现最优的助手行为。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Human intelligence involves metacognitive abilities like self-regulation, recognizing limitations, and seeking assistance only when needed. While LLM Agents excel in many domains, they often lack this awareness. Overconfident agents risk catastrophic failures, while those that seek help excessively hinder efficiency. A key challenge is enabling agents with a limited intervention budget $C$ is to decide when to request assistance. In this paper, we propose an offline framework that trains a "helper" policy to request interventions, such as more powerful models or test-time compute, by combining LLM-based process reward models (PRMs) with tabular reinforcement learning. Using state transitions collected offline, we score optimal intervention timing with PRMs and train the helper model on these labeled trajectories. This offline approach significantly reduces costly intervention calls during training. Furthermore, the integration of PRMs with tabular RL enhances robustness to off-policy data while avoiding the inefficiencies of deep RL. We empirically find that our method delivers optimal helper behavior.

智能体自我调节强化学习干预决策

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