解析语法变化中的消亡现象：术语、概念与成因
The "negative end" of change in grammar: terminology, concepts and causes
- 梳理语法消亡的术语体系与核心概念
- 揭示语法结构衰减的频率下降规律与消失过程
- 适合语言演变研究者与历史语言学从业者参考
语法变化的‘负向端’——即语法结构的丧失、衰落或过时——虽长期被忽视，近年逐渐受到全球语言学者关注。本文从三方面展开：首先综述已有研究成果；其次将‘丧失’‘衰落’‘过时’等现象置于语言变迁整体框架中定位；最后深入探讨导致语法结构使用频率持续下降（无论是渐进还是迅速但一致）的可能原因，直至其完全消失或仅存残余/化石形式。关键词：损失、过时、衰落、竞争、更高
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The topic of "negative end" of change is, contrary to the fields of innovation and emergence, largely under-researched. Yet, it has lately started to gain an increasing attention from language scholars worldwide. The main focus of this article is threefold, namely to discuss the i) terminology; ii) concepts and iii) causes associated with the "negative end" of change in grammar. The article starts with an overview of research conducted on the topic. It then moves to situating phenomena referred to as loss, decline or obsolescence among processes of language change, before elaborating on the terminology and concepts behind it. The last part looks at possible causes for constructions to display a (gradual or rapid, but very consistent) decrease in the frequency of use over time, which continues until the construction disappears or there are only residual or fossilised forms left. Keywords: loss, obsolescence, decline, competition, higher
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