arXiv:2502.05724cs.LGcs.AI2025-02TPAMI

提出新基准与框架,提升有向图链接预测的评估与性能。

Rethinking Link Prediction for Directed Graphs

  • 构建统一框架评估现有方法的表达能力,揭示双嵌入与解码器设计的影响。
  • 在新基准DirLinkBench上,现有方法表现普遍不佳,DiGAE整体最优。
  • 提出SDGAE模型,基于谱方法实现有向图链接预测新纪录,适合图学习研究者。

有向图的链接预测是具有广泛实际应用的关键任务。尽管嵌入方法和图神经网络(GNN)取得了显著进展,但这些方法常缺乏对表达能力的深入分析,且评估基准不足。本文提出统一框架以评估现有方法的表达能力,强调双嵌入与解码器设计对性能的影响。为弥补当前基准的局限性,我们引入DirLinkBench,一个覆盖全面、评估标准统一、可模块扩展的新基准。在该基准上的实验表明,现有方法性能普遍不强,而DiGAE整体表现最佳。我们进一步从理论上重新审视DiGAE,发现其图卷积等价于无向二分图上的GCN。受此启发,提出新型谱有向图自编码器SDGAE,其在DirLinkBench上达到平均性能新纪录。最后,分析影响有向图链接预测的关键因素,指出该领域的开放挑战。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Link prediction for directed graphs is a crucial task with diverse real-world applications. Recent advances in embedding methods and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown promising improvements. However, these methods often lack a thorough analysis of their expressiveness and suffer from effective benchmarks for a fair evaluation. In this paper, we propose a unified framework to assess the expressiveness of existing methods, highlighting the impact of dual embeddings and decoder design on directed link prediction performance. To address limitations in current benchmark setups, we introduce DirLinkBench, a robust new benchmark with comprehensive coverage, standardized evaluation, and modular extensibility. The results on DirLinkBench show that current methods struggle to achieve strong performance, while DiGAE outperforms other baselines overall. We further revisit DiGAE theoretically, showing its graph convolution aligns with GCN on an undirected bipartite graph. Inspired by these insights, we propose a novel Spectral Directed Graph Auto-Encoder SDGAE that achieves state-of-the-art average performance on DirLinkBench. Finally, we analyze key factors influencing directed link prediction and highlight open challenges in this field.

有向图链接预测图神经网络基准测试

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