混合现实比虚拟现实更利于远程纠错，提升操作效率与体验。
Mixed Reality Outperforms Virtual Reality for Remote Error Resolution in Pick-and-Place Tasks
- 用混合现实投影虚拟机械臂到真实桌面，增强空间感知。
- 混合现实任务完成时间最快，用户评分高且认知负荷低。
- 适合远程运维、智能仓储等需要精准物理交互的场景。
本研究评估了混合现实（MR）、虚拟现实（VR）和摄像头流界面在远程错误修复任务中的表现，如修正仓库包装错误。实验中，机器人检测到错误后暂停，需远程操作员通过抓取放置动作干预。21名参与者分别使用三种界面完成模拟任务。线性混合模型（LMM）分析显示，MR界面在任务完成时间、可用性评分（SUS）和心理负荷（NASA-TLX）上均优于VR和摄像头界面。MR通过将虚拟机械臂投射至真实桌面，提供更优的空间理解与物理参照线索，显著提升效率与用户体验。事后调查进一步证实参与者更偏好MR界面。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study evaluates the performance and usability of Mixed Reality (MR), Virtual Reality (VR), and camera stream interfaces for remote error resolution tasks, such as correcting warehouse packaging errors. Specifically, we consider a scenario where a robotic arm halts after detecting an error, requiring a remote operator to intervene and resolve it via pick-and-place actions. Twenty-one participants performed simulated pick-and-place tasks using each interface. A linear mixed model (LMM) analysis of task resolution time, usability scores (SUS), and mental workload scores (NASA-TLX) showed that the MR interface outperformed both VR and camera interfaces. MR enabled significantly faster task completion, was rated higher in usability, and was perceived to be less cognitively demanding. Notably, the MR interface, which projected a virtual robot onto a physical table, provided superior spatial understanding and physical reference cues. Post-study surveys further confirmed participants' preference for MR over other interfaces.
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