用指纹矩阵检测复杂介质中的目标，实现定位与特性分析。
Detection and characterization of targets in complex media using fingerprint matrices
- 构建目标指纹算子，提取其在环境中的独特响应特征。
- 实验证明可精准定位弹性球体与乳腺病变标记物。
- 适用于超声等波动场景，还可反演介质内部结构。
当波在复杂介质中传播时，会经历多次散射，导致成像完全模糊。本文提出一种方法，用于检测、定位并表征嵌入复杂介质中的任意散射目标。引入一种指纹算子，包含目标相对于环境的特异性签名。将其作用于记录的反射矩阵，可生成目标状态的概率指数，该状态可为位置（用于定位）、形状（用于表征）或其他影响响应的参数。通过超声实验验证了方法的普适性：在强散射颗粒悬浮液中探测埋藏的弹性球体，在模拟软组织的泡沫中检测乳腺肿瘤常用的病变标记物。此外，还展示了如何利用指纹算子表征介质本身，例如映射肌肉组织中的纤维结构。该方法广泛适用于超声以外的各类波，只要多阵元技术能测量反射矩阵即可。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
When waves propagate through a complex medium, they undergo several scattering events. This phenomenon is detrimental to imaging, as it causes full blurring of the image. Here we describe a method for detecting, localizing and characterizing any scattering target embedded in a complex medium. We introduce a fingerprint operator that contains the specific signature of the target with respect to its environment. When applied to the recorded reflection matrix, it provides a likelihood index of the target state. This state can be the position of the target for localization purposes, its shape for characterization or any other parameter that influences its response. We demonstrate the versatility of our method by performing proof-of-concept ultrasound experiments on elastic spheres buried inside a strongly scattering granular suspension and on lesion markers, which are commonly used to monitor breast tumours, embedded in a foam mimicking soft tissue. Furthermore, we show how the fingerprint operator can be leveraged to characterize the complex medium itself by mapping the fibre architecture within muscle tissue. Our method is broadly applicable to different types of waves beyond ultrasound for which multi-element technology allows a reflection matrix to be measured.
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