为语法复杂的土耳其语设计评估分词的标准,提升低资源语言模型表现。
Tokenization Standards for Linguistic Integrity: Turkish as a Benchmark
- 构建五维评估框架,量化分词器对语法结构的保留能力。
- %TR指标与下游任务得分相关性更强,揭示分词质量关键因素。
- 适合研究低资源/形态丰富语言的NLP开发者参考使用。
分词是自然语言处理中的基础预处理步骤,直接影响大语言模型捕捉句法、形态句法和语义结构的能力。本文提出一种系统评估分词策略的新框架,解决形态丰富且低资源语言的挑战。基于来自MMLU基准的6,200个土耳其语多选题数据集,框架从词汇量、分词数量、处理时间、语言特定分词比例(%TR)和分词纯净度(%Pure)五个维度评估分词器。其中,%TR衡量目标语言有效词的比例,%Pure评估分词与词根、有效词素等有意义语言单位的对齐程度,减少语义碎片化。结果表明,%TR作为关键指标,与下游性能(如MMLU分数)的相关性高于分词纯净度,凸显其对模型准确性的关键作用。此外,更大的模型参数并不必然带来更优的分词质量或更好结果,强调应优先考虑语言对齐的定制化分词策略。该框架为优化形态复杂和低资源语言的分词方法树立了新标准。未来工作将深化形态分析,探索领域定制化及跨语言评估,进一步提升分词实践。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tokenization is a fundamental preprocessing step in NLP, directly impacting large language models' (LLMs) ability to capture syntactic, morphosyntactic, and semantic structures. This paper introduces a novel framework for systematically evaluating tokenization strategies, addressing challenges in morphologically rich and low-resource languages. Using a Turkish dataset of 6,200 multiple-choice questions from the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark, the framework assesses tokenizers across five key metrics: vocabulary size, token count, processing time, language-specific token percentages (\%TR), and token purity. These metrics provide a structured approach to evaluating how well tokenizers preserve linguistic structures. While \%TR measures the proportion of valid words in the target language, \%Pure assesses the alignment of tokens with meaningful linguistic units, such as roots and valid morphemes, minimizing semantic fragmentation. The findings reveal that \%TR, introduced as a critical metric, exhibits a stronger correlation with downstream performance (e.g., MMLU scores) than token purity, emphasizing its role in improving model accuracy. Additionally, larger model parameters do not necessarily yield better tokenization quality or enhanced results, highlighting the importance of tailored tokenization strategies that prioritize linguistic alignment. This framework sets a new standard for developing robust tokenization methods optimized for morphologically complex and low-resource languages. Future work will refine morphological analysis, explore domain-specific customizations, and conduct cross-linguistic evaluations to further enhance tokenization practices.
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