arXiv:2502.07542astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA2025-02被引 5

用Transformer直接分析全帧图像,发现214个新系外行星候选体。

Exoplanet Transit Candidate Identification in TESS Full-Frame Images via a Transformer-Based Algorithm

  • 用Transformer模型直接处理全帧图像光变曲线,无需相位折叠或假设周期性。
  • 从TESS前26个扇区数据中发现214个候选体,包括122个多次掩食信号。
  • 适合搜索非周期性或未定义周期的系外行星信号,尤其适用于新发现场景。

凌星系外行星巡天卫星(TESS)正在对大片天空进行观测,生成大量光度时间序列数据,需要深入分析以识别系外行星凌星信号。尽管已有自动化学习方法成功用于候选体分类与验证,但多数研究集中于后续处理,较少探索新的候选搜寻技术。为此,我们提出一种新方法,无需相位折叠或假设凌星信号具有周期性(如多凌星光变曲线中的情况),即可直接识别系外行星凌星信号。该方法基于受Transformer启发的神经网络,直接处理全帧图像(FFI)光变曲线,并结合背景和质心时间序列,利用多头自注意力机制捕捉长程依赖关系,从而在不依赖先验凌星参数的情况下检测凌星信号。模型通过学习凌星特征(如光变深度形状)区分行星凌星与其它变源。实验表明,该模型在TESS前26个扇区中成功识别出214个新行星系统候选体,其中包括122个多次凌星、88个单次凌星及4个多行星系统,所有候选体半径均大于0.27 $R_{\mathrm{Jupiter}}$,证明其可有效检测非周期性凌星信号。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is surveying a large fraction of the sky, generating a vast database of photometric time series data that requires thorough analysis to identify exoplanetary transit signals. Automated learning approaches have been successfully applied to identify transit signals. However, most existing methods focus on the classification and validation of candidates, while few efforts have explored new techniques for the search of candidates. To search for new exoplanet transit candidates, we propose an approach to identify exoplanet transit signals without the need for phase folding or assuming periodicity in the transit signals, such as those observed in multi-transit light curves. To achieve this, we implement a new neural network inspired by Transformers to directly process Full Frame Image (FFI) light curves to detect exoplanet transits. Transformers, originally developed for natural language processing, have recently demonstrated significant success in capturing long-range dependencies compared to previous approaches focused on sequential data. This ability allows us to employ multi-head self-attention to identify exoplanet transit signals directly from the complete light curves, combined with background and centroid time series, without requiring prior transit parameters. The network is trained to learn characteristics of the transit signal, like the dip shape, which helps distinguish planetary transits from other variability sources. Our model successfully identified 214 new planetary system candidates, including 122 multi-transit light curves, 88 single-transit and 4 multi-planet systems from TESS sectors 1-26 with a radius > 0.27 $R_{\mathrm{Jupiter}}$, demonstrating its ability to detect transits regardless of their periodicity.

系外行星Transformer光变曲线信号检测

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