当前AI依赖人类设计,无法自主解决复杂问题,难以实现通用智能。
Some things to know about achieving artificial general intelligence
- 将问题转化为语言模式学习,丧失自主性
- 成功靠人类预设,模型仅做简单计算
- 现有评测无法区分解法通用性,易误判
当前及可预见的生成式AI模型无法实现人工通用智能(AGI),因其承载着人为制造的负担。这些模型高度依赖人类输入来提供结构化问题、架构与训练数据,将所有问题视为语言模式学习任务,因而不具备实现AGI所必需的自主性。模型的成功实际源于人类解决了大部分问题,模型仅执行如梯度下降等简单计算。另一障碍在于需认识到存在多种问题类型,其中部分无法被现有计算方法解决(例如‘顿悟问题’)。现有评估方法(基准测试与测验)不足以识别解法的通用性,因为仅从结果无法推断求解过程——通过测试可能是特定方法或通用方法所致。由成功反推解法是逻辑谬误(肯定后件),导致评估失真。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Current and foreseeable GenAI models are not capable of achieving artificial general intelligence because they are burdened with anthropogenic debt. They depend heavily on human input to provide well-structured problems, architecture, and training data. They cast every problem as a language pattern learning problem and are thus not capable of the kind of autonomy needed to achieve artificial general intelligence. Current models succeed at their tasks because people solve most of the problems to which these models are directed, leaving only simple computations for the model to perform, such as gradient descent. Another barrier is the need to recognize that there are multiple kinds of problems, some of which cannot be solved by available computational methods (for example, "insight problems"). Current methods for evaluating models (benchmarks and tests) are not adequate to identify the generality of the solutions, because it is impossible to infer the means by which a problem was solved from the fact of its solution. A test could be passed, for example, by a test-specific or a test-general method. It is a logical fallacy (affirming the consequent) to infer a method of solution from the observation of success.
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