通过对比学习挖掘神经元内在属性,实现跨数据集的神经类型精准识别。
Neuron Platonic Intrinsic Representation From Dynamics Using Contrastive Learning
- 以同一神经元不同片段为正例,跨神经元为负例,用对比学习提取稳定内在表征。
- 在模拟与真实数据上均准确预测神经类型与位置,且对未见动物数据表现鲁棒。
- 适用于神经分类、空间转录组分析,助力理解神经元本质属性。
柏拉图表征假说认为存在一种超越模态的通用现实表征。受此启发,我们将每个神经元视为一个系统,采集其在多种外周条件下的多段活动数据。假设同一神经元具有时间不变的内在表征,反映其分子特征、位置和形态等属性。目标是获得满足两个标准的内在神经表征:(I) 同一神经元的片段应比不同神经元的片段具有更相似的表征;(II) 表征需对域外数据具备良好泛化能力。为此,我们提出 NeurPIR 框架,采用对比学习,将同一神经元的片段设为正样本对,不同神经元的片段设为负样本对。实现中使用 VICReg,侧重正样本对的一致性,并通过正则化分离差异样本。我们在 Izhikevich 模型模拟的神经元群体动态数据上测试该方法,结果根据预设超参数准确识别神经类型。此外,应用于两个真实神经元动态数据集(含空间转录组标注的神经类型与位置信息),模型学习到的表征能准确预测神经类型与位置,且在来自未见动物的域外数据上表现稳健。这表明该方法在理解神经系统的内在机制方面具有潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Platonic Representation Hypothesis suggests a universal, modality-independent reality representation behind different data modalities. Inspired by this, we view each neuron as a system and detect its multi-segment activity data under various peripheral conditions. We assume there's a time-invariant representation for the same neuron, reflecting its intrinsic properties like molecular profiles, location, and morphology. The goal of obtaining these intrinsic neuronal representations has two criteria: (I) segments from the same neuron should have more similar representations than those from different neurons; (II) the representations must generalize well to out-of-domain data. To meet these, we propose the NeurPIR (Neuron Platonic Intrinsic Representation) framework. It uses contrastive learning, with segments from the same neuron as positive pairs and those from different neurons as negative pairs. In implementation, we use VICReg, which focuses on positive pairs and separates dissimilar samples via regularization. We tested our method on Izhikevich model-simulated neuronal population dynamics data. The results accurately identified neuron types based on preset hyperparameters. We also applied it to two real-world neuron dynamics datasets with neuron type annotations from spatial transcriptomics and neuron locations. Our model's learned representations accurately predicted neuron types and locations and were robust on out-of-domain data (from unseen animals). This shows the potential of our approach for understanding neuronal systems and future neuroscience research.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。