让机械臂像人一样快速躲避危险,反应速度仅1毫秒。
Motion planning for highly-dynamic unconditioned reflexes based on chained Signed Distance Functions
- 用链式符号距离函数预存环境几何信息,实时构建全局避障路径。
- 动态场景下1毫秒内完成避障反应,优于人类本能反射速度。
- 适合高动态、强实时的机器人避障任务,如救援或人机协作。
无条件反射(如保护性反射)是生物体通过脊髓而非大脑产生的先天反应,可帮助其规避环境危害。本文提出一种在线、高度动态的运动规划算法,赋予机械臂类人的高速无条件反射能力。方法基于链式符号距离函数(SDF),可在离线阶段预先计算并存储三组局部SDF以保存机械臂及其工作环境的几何信息。在线阶段,根据机械臂构型将预存的局部SDF串联,生成全局环境几何信息;同时,利用动态物体的点云作为查询点,快速获取逃逸速度。我们提出改进的几何雅可比矩阵,并采用雅可比伪逆法实时生成避障行为,有效应对静态与动态障碍物。实验验证表明:在静态场景中,本方法路径规划时间更短、轨迹更短;在动态场景中,能可靠追踪动态目标点,避开动态障碍物,并在1毫秒内完成反应,超越人类无条件反射反应时间。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The unconditioned reflex (e.g., protective reflex), which is the innate reaction of the organism and usually performed through the spinal cord rather than the brain, can enable organisms to escape harms from environments. In this paper, we propose an online, highly-dynamic motion planning algorithm to endow manipulators the highly-dynamic unconditioned reflexes to humans and/or environments. Our method is based on a chained version of Signed Distance Functions (SDFs), which can be pre-computed and stored. Our proposed algorithm is divided into two stages. In the offline stage, we create 3 groups of local SDFs to store the geometric information of the manipulator and its working environment. In the online stage, the pre-computed local SDFs are chained together according the configuration of the manipulator, to provide global geometric information about the environment. While the point clouds of the dynamic objects serve as query points to look up these local SDFs for quickly generating escape velocity. Then we propose a modified geometric Jacobian matrix and use the Jacobian-pseudo-inverse method to generate real-time reflex behaviors to avoid the static and dynamic obstacles in the environment. The benefits of our method are validated in both static and dynamic scenarios. In the static scenario, our method identifies the path solutions with lower time consumption and shorter trajectory length compared to existing solutions. In the dynamic scenario, our method can reliably pursue the dynamic target point, avoid dynamic obstacles, and react to these obstacles within 1ms, which surpasses the unconditioned reflex reaction time of humans.
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