用对比学习推断住房与家庭关系,无需标注数据即可精准匹配。
Deep Contrastive Learning for Feature Alignment: Insights from Housing-Household Relationship Inference
- 双编码器对比学习捕捉住房与家庭特征的深层关联。
- 在特拉华州表现优于现有方法,跨州测试验证通用性。
- 揭示产权状态和贷款信息比人数房间更关键。
住房与家庭特征是社会经济福祉的关键决定因素,但两者关系尚不明确。本文基于美国社区调查(ACS)公共微数据样本(PUMS),提出一种深度对比学习(DCL)模型以推断住房-家庭关系。该方法适用于无标签数据下两个异质实体间联合关系建模。采用双编码器DCL架构,利用PUMS中的共现模式,并引入分治K均值聚类克服标签缺失问题。模型通过合成真值数据验证,结果表明其在特拉华州的表现优于主流方法;北卡罗来纳州的迁移测试进一步证明其在不同社会人口与地理背景下的泛化能力。后处理可解释性分析(SHAP)显示,房屋产权状态与抵押信息对匹配影响远超传统关注的户主人数与房间数。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Housing and household characteristics are key determinants of social and economic well-being, yet our understanding of their interrelationships remains limited. This study addresses this knowledge gap by developing a deep contrastive learning (DCL) model to infer housing-household relationships using the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS). More broadly, the proposed model is suitable for a class of problems where the goal is to learn joint relationships between two distinct entities without explicitly labeled ground truth data. Our proposed dual-encoder DCL approach leverages co-occurrence patterns in PUMS and introduces a bisect K-means clustering method to overcome the absence of ground truth labels. The dual-encoder DCL architecture is designed to handle the semantic differences between housing (building) and household (people) features while mitigating noise introduced by clustering. To validate the model, we generate a synthetic ground truth dataset and conduct comprehensive evaluations. The model further demonstrates its superior performance in capturing housing-household relationships in Delaware compared to state-of-the-art methods. A transferability test in North Carolina confirms its generalizability across diverse sociodemographic and geographic contexts. Finally, the post-hoc explainable AI analysis using SHAP values reveals that tenure status and mortgage information play a more significant role in housing-household matching than traditionally emphasized factors such as the number of persons and rooms.
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