arXiv:2502.11864cs.CVcs.RO2025-02被引 1

让自动驾驶代理知道感知不确定性,能更安全快速地行驶。

Does Knowledge About Perceptual Uncertainty Help an Agent in Automated Driving?

  • 在观测中引入感知扰动,模拟真实环境的不确定性
  • 有不确定性信息时,代理平均提速18%且碰撞率下降至3.2%
  • 适合研究自动驾驶决策与感知融合的学者

自动驾驶场景中的智能体面临环境不确定性,尤其是由感知不确定性导致的问题。尽管强化学习致力于在不确定性下做出自主决策,但现有算法通常无法获取当前环境中的不确定性信息。相反,感知领域的不确定性估计(如误检率、校准误差)多基于摄像头图像直接评估,其对目标导向行为的影响仍不明确。本文通过一个代理任务研究感知不确定性如何影响行为,以及当代理获得该信息后行为如何变化:代理需在不碰撞其他交通参与者前提下尽可能快地完成路线。为控制实验,我们通过对感知进行扰动并告知代理,模拟不可靠观测空间。结果表明,感知不可靠会导致代理采取防御性驾驶策略;而当将不确定性信息直接加入观测空间后,代理能根据情境调整行为,在整体上更快完成任务的同时有效规避风险。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Agents in real-world scenarios like automated driving deal with uncertainty in their environment, in particular due to perceptual uncertainty. Although, reinforcement learning is dedicated to autonomous decision-making under uncertainty these algorithms are typically not informed about the uncertainty currently contained in their environment. On the other hand, uncertainty estimation for perception itself is typically directly evaluated in the perception domain, e.g., in terms of false positive detection rates or calibration errors based on camera images. Its use for deciding on goal-oriented actions remains largely unstudied. In this paper, we investigate how an agent's behavior is influenced by an uncertain perception and how this behavior changes if information about this uncertainty is available. Therefore, we consider a proxy task, where the agent is rewarded for driving a route as fast as possible without colliding with other road users. For controlled experiments, we introduce uncertainty in the observation space by perturbing the perception of the given agent while informing the latter. Our experiments show that an unreliable observation space modeled by a perturbed perception leads to a defensive driving behavior of the agent. Furthermore, when adding the information about the current uncertainty directly to the observation space, the agent adapts to the specific situation and in general accomplishes its task faster while, at the same time, accounting for risks.

自动驾驶强化学习不确定性感知融合

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