arXiv:2502.11896cs.LGcs.AI2025-02中稿 · RLDM 2025被引 3

用大模型生成的低效策略引导强化学习,提升采样效率并避免陷入局部最优。

CAMEL: Continuous Action Masking Enabled by Large Language Models for Reinforcement Learning

  • 利用大模型生成可执行的低效策略作为初始引导
  • 通过动态动作掩码和自适应退火机制逐步减少依赖
  • 在多种复杂环境上表现稳定,尤其适合样本稀缺场景

连续动作空间中的强化学习常面临探索效率低和收敛至次优解的问题。为此,本文提出CAMEL框架,将大模型生成的次优策略融入强化学习训练流程。该框架基于环境描述与任务目标,生成可执行的Python策略,虽简单但能提供有效初始指导。通过动态动作掩码和自适应epsilon掩码机制,在早期训练中约束动作空间,引导探索;随着训练推进,逐步降低对大模型的依赖,使智能体实现自主策略优化。在Gymnasium MuJoCo系列环境上的实验表明,CAMEL显著提升了样本效率:在Hopper-v4和Ant-v4中性能达到或超越专家掩码基线;在Walker2d-v4中,尽管大模型难以准确建模双足步态,仍保持鲁棒性能,体现框架的泛化能力。未来工作将拓展至多模态大模型,支持更广观测-动作空间,并自动化策略评估以减少人工干预。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous action spaces encounters persistent challenges, such as inefficient exploration and convergence to suboptimal solutions. To address these limitations, we propose CAMEL, a novel framework integrating LLM-generated suboptimal policies into the RL training pipeline. CAMEL leverages dynamic action masking and an adaptive epsilon-masking mechanism to guide exploration during early training stages while gradually enabling agents to optimize policies independently. At the core of CAMEL lies the integration of Python-executable suboptimal policies generated by LLMs based on environment descriptions and task objectives. Although simplistic and hard-coded, these policies offer valuable initial guidance for RL agents. To effectively utilize these priors, CAMEL employs masking-aware optimization to dynamically constrain the action space based on LLM outputs. Additionally, epsilon-masking gradually reduces reliance on LLM-generated guidance, enabling agents to transition from constrained exploration to autonomous policy refinement. Experimental validation on Gymnasium MuJoCo environments demonstrates the effectiveness of CAMEL. In Hopper-v4 and Ant-v4, LLM-generated policies significantly improve sample efficiency, achieving performance comparable to or surpassing expert masking baselines. For Walker2d-v4, where LLMs struggle to accurately model bipedal gait dynamics, CAMEL maintains robust RL performance without notable degradation, highlighting the framework's adaptability across diverse tasks. While CAMEL shows promise in enhancing sample efficiency and mitigating convergence challenges, these issues remain open for further research. Future work aims to generalize CAMEL to multimodal LLMs for broader observation-action spaces and automate policy evaluation, reducing human intervention and enhancing scalability in RL training pipelines.

强化学习大模型动作掩码样本效率

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