软体机器人可适应复杂灾场，提升搜救效率与安全性。
Soft Robotics for Search and Rescue: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
- 借鉴生物结构，用柔性材料实现爬行、滚动等多模态运动
- 在灾害场景中展现良好适应性，但面临材料耐用性与能耗难题
- 适合救援机构与机器人研究者关注，推动跨学科创新
软体机器人已成为搜救（SAR）任务中的变革性技术，能够应对传统刚性机器人难以进入的复杂危险环境。本文系统评述了面向搜救应用的软体机器人技术进展，重点分析其在适应性、安全性和效率方面的独特优势。通过仿生设计、柔性材料及先进运动机制（如爬行、滚动、形态变化），软体机器人在灾难场景中表现出巨大潜力。然而，材料耐久性差、功耗高、传感器集成难、控制复杂等挑战仍存。本综述涵盖当前技术状态、仿真方法与硬件验证，并提出关键性能评估指标。研究强调理论进展与实际部署间的桥梁作用，呼吁持续跨学科创新以突破现有瓶颈。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Soft robotics has emerged as a transformative technology in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations, addressing challenges in navigating complex, hazardous environments that often limit traditional rigid robots. This paper critically examines advancements in soft robotic technologies tailored for SAR applications, focusing on their unique capabilities in adaptability, safety, and efficiency. By leveraging bio-inspired designs, flexible materials, and advanced locomotion mechanisms, such as crawling, rolling, and shape morphing, soft robots demonstrate exceptional potential in disaster scenarios. However, significant barriers persist, including material durability, power inefficiency, sensor integration, and control complexity. This comprehensive review highlights the current state of soft robotics in SAR, discusses simulation methodologies and hardware validations, and introduces performance metrics essential for their evaluation. By bridging the gap between theoretical advancements and practical deployment, this study underscores the potential of soft robotic systems to revolutionize SAR missions and advocates for continued interdisciplinary innovation to overcome existing limitations.
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