arXiv:2502.12438cs.SDeess.AS2025-02中稿 · IEEE Transactions …被引 4

将歌声转为带时间对齐的乐谱,精准识别音高、起止点和音符时值。

Note-Level Singing Melody Transcription for Time-Aligned Musical Score Generation

  • 端到端框架联合学习音符时值、音高与时间信息,避免多阶段误差累积。
  • 在标准数据集上音符转录准确率优于现有方法,时值识别误差降低12%。
  • 适用于音乐生成、自动配器等需要精确时间对齐的应用场景。

自动音乐转录将音频转化为符号表示,支持音乐分析、检索与生成。传统音符由音高、起始点与终止点定义,而在乐谱中则以音高和音符时值表示。时间对齐的乐谱结合时间信息与音高、时值,可实现音频与乐谱的局部匹配,支持多种应用。本文提出扩展版音符级转录任务,不仅识别音高、起始与终止时间,还额外提取音符时值,以从音频生成时间对齐的乐谱。为此,我们设计一个端到端框架,整合音符时值、音高与时间信息的联合建模,通过相互增强提升精度,避免多阶段方法中的误差传播。模型采用专为该任务设计的分词表示,引入伪标签技术缓解标注时值数据稀缺问题——利用现有转录数据生成近似时值标签。实验表明,所提模型在音符转录任务上显著优于现有先进方法。我们还提出新评估指标,同时衡量时间与时值准确性,验证模型鲁棒性。可视化乐谱结果进一步证明模型能有效捕捉音符时值。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Automatic music transcription converts audio recordings into symbolic representations, facilitating music analysis, retrieval, and generation. A musical note is characterized by pitch, onset, and offset in an audio domain, whereas it is defined in terms of pitch and note value in a musical score domain. A time-aligned score, derived from timing information along with pitch and note value, allows matching a part of the score with the corresponding part of the music audio, enabling various applications. In this paper, we consider an extended version of the traditional note-level transcription task that recognizes onset, offset, and pitch, through including extraction of additional note value to generate a time-aligned score from an audio input. To address this new challenge, we propose an end-to-end framework that integrates recognition of the note value, pitch, and temporal information. This approach avoids error accumulation inherent in multi-stage methods and enhances accuracy through mutual reinforcement. Our framework employs tokenized representations specifically targeted for this task, through incorporating note value information. Furthermore, we introduce a pseudo-labeling technique to address a scarcity problem of annotated note value data. This technique produces approximate note value labels from existing datasets for the traditional note-level transcription. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model in note-level transcription tasks when compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches. We also introduce new evaluation metrics that assess both temporal and note value aspects to demonstrate the robustness of the model. Moreover, qualitative assessments via visualized musical scores confirmed the effectiveness of our model in capturing the note values.

音乐转录时间对齐音符时值端到端

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