两款无人船协同实现高流速下水下地形测绘,兼顾安全与精度。
Design and Implementation of a Dual Uncrewed Surface Vessel Platform for Bathymetry Research under High-flow Conditions
- 设计低成本导航控制船与高精度测绘船,分工协作。
- 实测验证系统在复杂水流中稳定采集高质量水下地形数据。
- 开源平台适合无人船自主控制与测绘数据处理研究者使用。
水下地形测量依赖声呐对水下结构的测绘,此类测量对基础设施健康监测至关重要,但常需昂贵设备。传感器或船舶损坏带来的高财务风险,使无人水面艇(USV)部署意愿降低。而有人船作业成本高、人员危险,且在强流条件下难以获得稳定测量环境。亟需推进自主控制、导航及数据处理技术,尤其针对水下地形测量。目前缺乏可集成开展导航控制与数据评估研究的开放硬件平台。本文通过设计并实现两个互补的USV系统,填补该空白:一款低成本的导航与控制研究船(NAC-USV),用于探索自主、容错导航与控制,确保高精度测绘所需的稳定性并降低设备风险;另一款高性能船(BEP-USV)配备高分辨率多波束声呐及配套硬件,用于测绘数据质量评估与后处理方法研究。两船硬件设计相似,便于控制策略验证与数据对比分析。本文详述系统设计与实现,公开全部设计资料,并在多种工况下验证系统有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Bathymetry, the study of underwater topography, relies on sonar mapping of submerged structures. These measurements, critical for infrastructure health monitoring, often require expensive instrumentation. The high financial risk associated with sensor damage or vessel loss creates a reluctance to deploy uncrewed surface vessels (USVs) for bathymetry. However, the crewed-boat bathymetry operations, are costly, pose hazards to personnel, and frequently fail to achieve the stable conditions necessary for bathymetry data collection, especially under high currents. Further research is essential to advance autonomous control, navigation, and data processing technologies, with a particular focus on bathymetry. There is a notable lack of accessible hardware platforms that allow for integrated research in both bathymetry-focused autonomous control and navigation, as well as data evaluation and processing. This paper addresses this gap through the design and implementation of two complementary USV systems tailored for uncrewed bathymetry research. This includes a low-cost USV for Navigation And Control research (NAC-USV) and a second, high-end USV equipped with a high-resolution multi-beam sonar and the associated hardware for Bathymetry data quality Evaluation and Post-processing research (BEP-USV). The NAC-USV facilitates the investigation of autonomous, fail-safe navigation and control, emphasizing the stability requirements for high-quality bathymetry data collection while minimizing the risk to equipment. The BEP-USV, which mirrors the NAC-USV hardware, is then used for additional control validation and in-depth exploration of bathymetry data evaluation and post-processing methodologies. We detail the design and implementation of both systems, and open source the design. Furthermore, we demonstrate the system's effectiveness in a range of operational scenarios.
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