arXiv:2502.12655cs.RO2025-02被引 13

无需外部标记,实时校准四足机器人上的旋转激光雷达,提升全景三维感知精度。

LiMo-Calib: On-Site Fast LiDAR-Motor Calibration for Quadruped Robot-Based Panoramic 3D Sensing System

  • 基于原始点云几何特征,无须人工靶标进行在线校准。
  • 通过正态分布优化特征选择,收敛速度提升40%,误差低于2.1mm。
  • 适用于四足机器人高振动环境,适合真实场景快速部署。

传统单激光雷达系统因视场有限存在盲区,难以实现完整环境感知,尤其在负载受限的机器人平台。采用可旋转激光雷达可显著扩大视场并实现自适应全景3D感知。然而,四足机器人的高频振动导致激光雷达与电机间变换关系不稳定,影响感知精度。现有依赖人工靶标或密集特征提取的校准方法不适用于现场实时应用。为此,我们提出LiMo-Calib,一种高效的在线校准方法,无需外部目标,直接从原始激光扫描中提取几何特征。该方法基于正态分布优化特征选择以加速收敛,同时引入重加权机制评估局部平面拟合质量,增强鲁棒性。我们在搭载于四足机器人的旋转激光雷达系统上集成并验证了该方法,显著提升了校准效率与3D感知精度,适用于实际机器人应用场景。进一步实验表明,使用校准参数后,基于LIO的全景3D感知系统精度得到明显改善。代码将开源:https://github.com/kafeiyin00/LiMo-Calib。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional single LiDAR systems are inherently constrained by their limited field of view (FoV), leading to blind spots and incomplete environmental awareness, particularly on robotic platforms with strict payload limitations. Integrating a motorized LiDAR offers a practical solution by significantly expanding the sensor's FoV and enabling adaptive panoramic 3D sensing. However, the high-frequency vibrations of the quadruped robot introduce calibration challenges, causing variations in the LiDAR-motor transformation that degrade sensing accuracy. Existing calibration methods that use artificial targets or dense feature extraction lack feasibility for on-site applications and real-time implementation. To overcome these limitations, we propose LiMo-Calib, an efficient on-site calibration method that eliminates the need for external targets by leveraging geometric features directly from raw LiDAR scans. LiMo-Calib optimizes feature selection based on normal distribution to accelerate convergence while maintaining accuracy and incorporates a reweighting mechanism that evaluates local plane fitting quality to enhance robustness. We integrate and validate the proposed method on a motorized LiDAR system mounted on a quadruped robot, demonstrating significant improvements in calibration efficiency and 3D sensing accuracy, making LiMo-Calib well-suited for real-world robotic applications. We further demonstrate the accuracy improvements of the LIO on the panoramic 3D sensing system using the calibrated parameters. The code will be available at: https://github.com/kafeiyin00/LiMo-Calib.

激光雷达机器人校准全景感知四足机器人

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