用费舍尔信息正则化,让模型在数据流中自动适应分布变化。
Efficient Learning Under Density Shift in Incremental Settings Using Cramér-Rao-Based Regularization
- 通过费舍尔信息矩阵积累批次密度知识,作为后续批次的正则项
- 在非独立同分布数据流中提升准确率至19%,优于现有方法
- 适合处理实时数据流、数据分片场景下的模型稳定性问题
随着数据量和速度持续增长,传统分布式处理虽能应对规模问题,却忽略了算法层面的挑战。当数据以序列形式到达时,各批次间特征分布的变化会扭曲交叉验证结果。本文提出一种基于密度估计的分布式学习方法,通过后验概率吸收机制利用费舍尔信息矩阵中的局部梯度信息,动态构建数据密度估计,并将其作为正则化项引入后续批次损失函数,从而增强对非独立同分布(non-iid)分布偏移的鲁棒性。该方法仅需同时存储两个批次数据,空间开销与总数据集大小无关。提出的 $C^{2}A$ 方法结合费舍尔信息与相对熵,有效应对自然及序列性协变量偏移,在数据碎片化场景下实现最高19%的准确率,超越当前最优方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The continuous surge in data volume and velocity is often dealt with using data orchestration and distributed processing approaches, abstracting away the machine learning challenges that exist at the algorithmic level. With growing interest in automating the learning loop, training with data that arrive in a sequence rather than in the classical in-memory training data form will face a machine learning challenge because of evolving feature distributions across batches of training data biasing the cross-validation step (\cite{sugiyama2012machine}). This work takes a distributed density estimation angle to the problem where data are temporally distributed. It processes data in batches and allows a neural network to treat a batch as training data. The method accumulates knowledge about the data density via posterior probability absorption using the Fisher Information Matrix, which contains information about the local optimization gradients for the batch. This is then used as a regularizer for the loss in the following batch, and therefore the density estimate for the entire dataset constructively gets more robust to the non-iid distribution shift. This needs the presence of a pair of batches in memory at a time, so the space cost is not a function of the size of the complete, distributed dataset. We proposed a novel regularization-based approach Covariate Shift Correction $C^{2}A$ that leverages Fisher information and Kullback-Leibler divergence to adapt to both natural and sequential covariate shift caused by dataset fragmentation. $C^{2}A$ achieves $19\%$ accuracy at maximum against state-of-the-art methods.
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