用扩散模型生成可执行的机器人轨迹,确保每一步都符合物理运动约束。
DDAT: Diffusion Policies Enforcing Dynamically Admissible Robot Trajectories
- 通过迭代投影到可达集的多面体近似,强制轨迹满足动力学约束
- 在四轴飞行器和MuJoCo环境中实现高质量、无需重规划的一次性长时程轨迹生成
- 适用于黑箱机器人系统,适合需要高精度运动规划的场景
扩散模型凭借其多模态生成能力,在图像和视频生成中表现优异,近年来也广泛应用于机器人运动生成。然而,扩散模型的随机性与机器人运动方程的确定性存在根本矛盾,导致生成的轨迹往往不符合物理可行性。为此,本文提出DDAT:基于扩散模型的动态可容许轨迹生成方法,用于黑箱机器人系统的轨迹规划。动态可容许轨迹指序列中每个状态均属于前一状态的可达集。为保证这一性质,我们的扩散策略在训练与推理阶段均将预测投影至动态可容许流形上,使去噪网络目标与动力学约束对齐。由于该投影具有自回归特性且机器人动力学为黑箱,实现极为困难。因此,我们通过迭代采样状态可达集的多面体下界近似来实现投影,并重复此过程以更新投影结果。该方法生成精准轨迹,避免持续重规划,支持一次性长时程规划。我们在四轴飞行器及多个MuJoCo环境中的大量仿真,以及Unitree GO1和GO2的真实实验中验证了本框架能生成更高质量的动态可容许轨迹。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Diffusion models excel at creating images and videos thanks to their multimodal generative capabilities. These same capabilities have made diffusion models increasingly popular in robotics research, where they are used for generating robot motion. However, the stochastic nature of diffusion models is fundamentally at odds with the precise dynamical equations describing the feasible motion of robots. Hence, generating dynamically admissible robot trajectories is a challenge for diffusion models. To alleviate this issue, we introduce DDAT: Diffusion policies for Dynamically Admissible Trajectories to generate provably admissible trajectories of black-box robotic systems using diffusion models. A sequence of states is a dynamically admissible trajectory if each state of the sequence belongs to the reachable set of its predecessor by the robot's equations of motion. To generate such trajectories, our diffusion policies project their predictions onto a dynamically admissible manifold during both training and inference to align the objective of the denoiser neural network with the dynamical admissibility constraint. The auto-regressive nature of these projections along with the black-box nature of robot dynamics render these projections immensely challenging. We thus enforce admissibility by iteratively sampling a polytopic under-approximation of the reachable set of a state onto which we project its predicted successor, before iterating this process with the projected successor. By producing accurate trajectories, this projection eliminates the need for diffusion models to continually replan, enabling one-shot long-horizon trajectory planning. We demonstrate that our framework generates higher quality dynamically admissible robot trajectories through extensive simulations on a quadcopter and various MuJoCo environments, along with real-world experiments on a Unitree GO1 and GO2.
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