arXiv:2502.17049cs.AIcs.LG2025-02被引 4

融合空气污染与临床数据,提升心脏病发作预测准确率超20%。

TabulaTime: A Novel Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Advancing Acute Coronary Syndrome Prediction through Environmental and Clinical Data Integration

  • 用时序污染数据+临床表格式数据联合建模,突破传统风险评估局限。
  • 新模块自动提取时间模式,计算复杂度线性增长,效率高。
  • 可解释性强,识别出血压、PM10等关键影响因子,适合医疗决策者。

急性冠脉综合征(ACS)包括心肌梗死(STEMI 和 NSTEMI),是全球主要致死原因。传统心血管风险评分仅依赖临床数据,常忽略空气污染等环境因素的影响。将复杂的时序环境数据与临床记录融合存在挑战。本文提出TabulaTime,一种多模态深度学习框架,通过整合临床风险因素与空气污染数据,提升ACS风险预测精度。其三大创新为:一、融合时序空气污染数据与临床表格数据;二、采用PatchRWKV模块自动提取复杂时间模式,避免人工特征工程,且保持线性计算复杂度;三、利用注意力机制增强可解释性,揭示临床与环境因素的交互关系。实验表明,相较于CatBoost、随机森林和LightGBM等传统模型,TabulaTime预测准确率提升超过20%,其中空气污染数据单独贡献超10%的性能提升。特征重要性分析识别出既往心绞痛、收缩压、PM10和NO2为关键预测因子。整体上,TabulaTime弥合了临床与环境洞察的鸿沟,支持个性化预防策略,并为公共健康政策提供依据。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS), including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (NSTEMI), remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Traditional cardiovascular risk scores rely primarily on clinical data, often overlooking environmental influences like air pollution that significantly impact heart health. Moreover, integrating complex time-series environmental data with clinical records is challenging. We introduce TabulaTime, a multimodal deep learning framework that enhances ACS risk prediction by combining clinical risk factors with air pollution data. TabulaTime features three key innovations: First, it integrates time-series air pollution data with clinical tabular data to improve prediction accuracy. Second, its PatchRWKV module automatically extracts complex temporal patterns, overcoming limitations of traditional feature engineering while maintaining linear computational complexity. Third, attention mechanisms enhance interpretability by revealing interactions between clinical and environmental factors. Experimental results show that TabulaTime improves prediction accuracy by over 20% compared to conventional models such as CatBoost, Random Forest, and LightGBM, with air pollution data alone contributing over a 10% improvement. Feature importance analysis identifies critical predictors including previous angina, systolic blood pressure, PM10, and NO2. Overall, TabulaTime bridges clinical and environmental insights, supporting personalized prevention strategies and informing public health policies to mitigate ACS risk.

心脏病预测多模态学习空气污染可解释性

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