用脑电模型迁移学习,实现可穿戴设备上高精度血压连续监测。
Finetuning and Quantization of EEG-Based Foundational BioSignal Models on ECG and PPG Data for Blood Pressure Estimation
- 用脑电信号预训练模型微调至心电/光电容积脉搏波信号
- 舒张压误差仅1.57 mmHg,收缩压精度提升1.5倍
- 模型压缩3.5倍仍保性能,适合嵌入式设备部署
血压是心血管健康的关键指标。由于高血压仍是全球致病和致死的主要原因,因此实现准确、连续且无创的血压监测至关重要。光电容积脉搏波(PPG)和心电图(ECG)具备实现连续血压监测的潜力,但因数据质量差异和患者个体差异,训练精准可靠的机器学习模型仍具挑战。近期多个研究组探索了基于脑电图(EEG)的通用模型,并展示了其在学习丰富时间特征方面的卓越能力。鉴于不同生物信号间的形态相似性,一个关键问题是:是否可利用在大量脑电信号上预训练的模型,通过仅微调的方式,有效提升其他信号类型的表现?本文首次尝试构建通用生物信号基础模型,探究仅通过微调即可将脑电信号学到的表征迁移到心电/光电容积脉搏波信号,用于血压估计任务。在MIMIC-III和VitalDB数据集上的评估表明,该方法在舒张压估计上达到近顶尖水平(平均绝对误差1.57 mmHg),在收缩压估计上相比之前工作提升1.5倍(平均绝对误差2.72 mmHg)。此外,我们采用动态INT8量化,使最小模型尺寸缩小超过3.5倍(从13.73 MB降至3.83 MB),同时保持性能,从而实现资源受限可穿戴设备上的无感实时血压监测。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Blood pressure (BP) is a key indicator of cardiovascular health. As hypertension remains a global cause of morbidity and mortality, accurate, continuous, and non-invasive BP monitoring is therefore of paramount importance. Photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiography (ECG) can potentially enable continuous BP monitoring, yet training accurate and robust machine learning (ML) models remains challenging due to variability in data quality and patient-specific factors. Recently, multiple research groups explored Electroencephalographic (EEG)--based foundation models and demonstrated their exceptional ability to learn rich temporal resolution. Considering the morphological similarities between different biosignals, the question arises of whether a model pre-trained on one modality can effectively be exploited to improve the accuracy of a different signal type. In this work, we take an initial step towards generalized biosignal foundation models by investigating whether model representations learned from abundant EEG data can effectively be transferred to ECG/PPG data solely with fine-tuning, without the need for large-scale additional pre-training, for the BP estimation task. Evaluations on the MIMIC-III and VitalDB datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves near state-of-the-art accuracy for diastolic BP (mean absolute error of 1.57 mmHg) and surpasses by 1.5x the accuracy of prior works for systolic BP (mean absolute error 2.72 mmHg). Additionally, we perform dynamic INT8 quantization, reducing the smallest model size by over 3.5x (from 13.73 MB down to 3.83 MB) while preserving performance, thereby enabling unobtrusive, real-time BP monitoring on resource-constrained wearable devices.
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