用生成代替池化,提升模型预测能力
Predicting Through Generation: Why Generation Is Better for Prediction
- 通过逐标记生成保留更多互信息,更契合大模型训练方式
- 在多个分类与回归任务中优于传统基线模型
- 引入调度采样和适配器,解决生成偏差与格式不匹配问题
本文认为,相较于使用池化表示,基于标记级生成的预测方法更有效,因为生成能保留更多互信息。由于大语言模型在海量文本上通过下一标记预测进行训练,生成行为与其学习到的模式天然契合。利用数据处理不等式(DPI),我们提供了理论与实证支持。然而自回归模型在预测中面临两大挑战:(1) 曝光偏差——训练时看到真实标记,推理时依赖自身预测,导致误差;(2) 格式不匹配——离散标记未必对应任务所需输出结构。为此,我们提出PredGen(通过生成进行预测)框架,(i) 采用调度采样降低曝光偏差,(ii) 引入任务适配器将生成标记转换为结构化输出。此外,我们设计了写作者-导演对齐损失(WDAL),确保标记生成与最终任务预测的一致性,提升文本连贯性与数值准确性。我们在多个分类与回归基准上评估PredGen,结果表明其持续优于标准基线,证明其在结构化预测任务中的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper argues that generating output tokens is more effective than using pooled representations for prediction tasks because token-level generation retains more mutual information. Since LLMs are trained on massive text corpora using next-token prediction, generation aligns naturally with their learned behavior. Using the Data Processing Inequality (DPI), we provide both theoretical and empirical evidence supporting this claim. However, autoregressive models face two key challenges when used for prediction: (1) exposure bias, where the model sees ground truth tokens during training but relies on its own predictions during inference, leading to errors, and (2) format mismatch, where discrete tokens do not always align with the tasks required output structure. To address these challenges, we introduce PredGen(Predicting Through Generating), an end to end framework that (i) uses scheduled sampling to reduce exposure bias, and (ii) introduces a task adapter to convert the generated tokens into structured outputs. Additionally, we introduce Writer-Director Alignment Loss (WDAL), which ensures consistency between token generation and final task predictions, improving both text coherence and numerical accuracy. We evaluate PredGen on multiple classification and regression benchmarks. Our results show that PredGen consistently outperforms standard baselines, demonstrating its effectiveness in structured prediction tasks.
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