arXiv:2502.18363cs.RO2025-02被引 1

用打印法制造可拉伸传感器,能灵活定制电容与电阻型结构。

Stretchable Capacitive and Resistive Strain Sensors: Accessible Manufacturing Using Direct Ink Writing

  • 通过3D打印机改装的喷头直接书写导电油墨,分层构建硅胶基底中的传感结构。
  • 电容式传感器线性度达0.99,灵敏度接近理论极限(GF=0.95),最大拉伸率达550%。
  • 方法简单可扩展,适合柔性机器人、可穿戴设备等需要高适应性的场景。

随着机器人向软体结构、类人形态和复杂任务发展,高延展性且可贴合形状的力敏转换器日益关键。为可靠获取触觉与本体感知数据,同时保证贴合性、延展性和适应性,研究人员探索了多种传感原理及可扩展的制造技术。然而,现有多数方法仅限于单一传感器构型,限制设计灵活性。本文提出一种基于打印的可访问、灵活制造方案,使用自研喷头集成于商用3D打印机,实现导电油墨在已固化硅胶基底上的直接墨水书写(DIW)。通过可堆叠托盘支持的逐层工艺,可在硅胶基质中沉积多层液态导电油墨。为验证方法的高设计灵活性,我们制备并测试了电容式与电阻式应变传感器。实验表明,电容式传感器具有高线性度(R² = 0.99)、接近理论极限的灵敏度(GF = 0.95)、极小迟滞(DH = 1.36%)以及550%的大拉伸能力,性能媲美文献报道的先进可拉伸应变传感器。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As robotics advances toward integrating soft structures, anthropomorphic shapes, and complex tasks, soft and highly stretchable mechanotransducers are becoming essential. To reliably measure tactile and proprioceptive data while ensuring shape conformability, stretchability, and adaptability, researchers have explored diverse transduction principles alongside scalable and versatile manufacturing techniques. Nonetheless, many current methods for stretchable sensors are designed to produce a single sensor configuration, thereby limiting design flexibility. Here, we present an accessible, flexible, printing-based fabrication approach for customizable, stretchable sensors. Our method employs a custom-built printhead integrated with a commercial 3D printer to enable direct ink writing (DIW) of conductive ink onto cured silicone substrates. A layer-wise fabrication process, facilitated by stackable trays, allows for the deposition of multiple liquid conductive ink layers within a silicone matrix. To demonstrate the method's capacity for high design flexibility, we fabricate and evaluate both capacitive and resistive strain sensor morphologies. Experimental characterization showed that the capacitive strain sensor possesses high linearity (R^2 = 0.99), high sensitivity near the 1.0 theoretical limit (GF = 0.95), minimal hysteresis (DH = 1.36%), and large stretchability (550%), comparable to state-of-the-art stretchable strain sensors reported in the literature.

可拉伸传感器3D打印力传感柔性电子

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