用点云直接生成物体中心运动轨迹,自动规划喷漆路径。
MaskPlanner: Learning-Based Object-Centric Motion Generation from 3D Point Clouds
- 从3D点云直接学习局部路径与全局路径分组
- 未见物体覆盖率超99%,无需显式优化涂覆效果
- 可直接用于6自由度机器人,实现专家级喷漆质量
物体中心运动生成(OCMG)在工业应用中至关重要,如机器人喷漆与焊接,需高效、可扩展且通用的算法来为自由曲面物体规划多条长时程轨迹。现有方法依赖特定启发式规则、昂贵优化或几何限制,难以适应真实场景。本文提出一种完全数据驱动的新框架MaskPlanner,直接从3D点云学习跨自由曲面的专家路径模式。该方法通过深度学习同时预测局部路径段与“路径掩码”,将路径段分组为独立轨迹,在一次前向传播中捕捉局部几何特征与全局任务需求。在真实机器人喷漆场景的大量实验表明,该方法对未见物体实现超过99%的覆盖率,且不显式优化涂覆量。在6-DoF专用喷涂机器人上的实机验证显示,生成轨迹可直接执行,并达到专家级喷漆质量。结果表明,该学习方法有望显著降低工程成本,无缝适配多种工业场景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Object-Centric Motion Generation (OCMG) plays a key role in a variety of industrial applications$\unicode{x2014}$such as robotic spray painting and welding$\unicode{x2014}$requiring efficient, scalable, and generalizable algorithms to plan multiple long-horizon trajectories over free-form 3D objects. However, existing solutions rely on specialized heuristics, expensive optimization routines, or restrictive geometry assumptions that limit their adaptability to real-world scenarios. In this work, we introduce a novel, fully data-driven framework that tackles OCMG directly from 3D point clouds, learning to generalize expert path patterns across free-form surfaces. We propose MaskPlanner, a deep learning method that predicts local path segments for a given object while simultaneously inferring "path masks" to group these segments into distinct paths. This design induces the network to capture both local geometric patterns and global task requirements in a single forward pass. Extensive experimentation on a realistic robotic spray painting scenario shows that our approach attains near-complete coverage (above 99%) for unseen objects, while it remains task-agnostic and does not explicitly optimize for paint deposition. Moreover, our real-world validation on a 6-DoF specialized painting robot demonstrates that the generated trajectories are directly executable and yield expert-level painting quality. Our findings crucially highlight the potential of the proposed learning method for OCMG to reduce engineering overhead and seamlessly adapt to several industrial use cases.
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