用激光雷达栅格图+强化学习,实现稳定高效的自动泊车。
RL-OGM-Parking: Lidar OGM-Based Hybrid Reinforcement Learning Planner for Autonomous Parking
- 结合规则算法与强化学习,提升泊车适应性。
- 实测在真实场景中成功完成泊车,成功率高于纯规则或纯学习方法。
- 基于实时激光雷达地图,有效缩小仿真到现实的差距,适合工程落地。
自动泊车是自动驾驶研究的关键应用,但受限于空间狭小和环境复杂,需精准感知与操控。传统基于规则的算法难以应对多变场景,而基于学习的方法在不同条件下表现不稳定。为此,本文提出一种混合规划策略,融合基于规则的Reeds-Shepp(RS)算法与基于强化学习(RL)的规划器。采用实时激光雷达占用栅格图(LiDAR OGM)作为环境表示,有效缩小仿真到现实的差距,使混合策略可直接应用于真实系统。在仿真与真实场景中均进行了大量实验,结果表明该方法在性能上优于纯规则或纯学习方法,真实实验进一步验证了其可行性与高效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous parking has become a critical application in automatic driving research and development. Parking operations often suffer from limited space and complex environments, requiring accurate perception and precise maneuvering. Traditional rule-based parking algorithms struggle to adapt to diverse and unpredictable conditions, while learning-based algorithms lack consistent and stable performance in various scenarios. Therefore, a hybrid approach is necessary that combines the stability of rule-based methods and the generalizability of learning-based methods. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) based policy has shown robust capability in planning tasks. However, the simulation-to-reality (sim-to-real) transfer gap seriously blocks the real-world deployment. To address these problems, we employ a hybrid policy, consisting of a rule-based Reeds-Shepp (RS) planner and a learning-based reinforcement learning (RL) planner. A real-time LiDAR-based Occupancy Grid Map (OGM) representation is adopted to bridge the sim-to-real gap, leading the hybrid policy can be applied to real-world systems seamlessly. We conducted extensive experiments both in the simulation environment and real-world scenarios, and the result demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms pure rule-based and learning-based methods. The real-world experiment further validates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
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